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質問 # 12
Which of the following files contains all the back end implementations required for Intent configurations to be performed?
- A. yang-patch.json
- B. meta-info.json
- C. util.js
- D. script-content.js
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The script-content.js file contains all the back end implementations required for Intent configurations to be performed.
The script-content.js file is a JavaScript file that defines the logic for creating, updating, deleting and synchronizing intents. It also defines the validation rules and error handling mechanisms for intents.
For example, a script-content.js file could contain:
function createIntent(intent) { // logic for creating an intent }
function updateIntent(intent) { // logic for updating an intent }
質問 # 13
Which of the following best describes data flow in a workflow?
- A. Dependency graph of tasks
- B. Defines operation to perform
- C. Transitioning between tasks
B, Passing data between tasks
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to the Nokia NSP Workflow Design and Management course12, a workflow is a sequence of tasks that are executed to achieve a certain goal. Data flow in a workflow refers to passing data between tasks12.
Therefore, the correct answer is B.
Data flow can be defined using input, output, and publish parameters in a workflow definition3. Input parameters are used to pass data into a workflow, output parameters are used to return data from a workflow, and publish parameters are used to share data between tasks within a workflow3.
質問 # 14
Which of the following commands allows the action associated with a task to be run multiple times over a list of items?
- A. concurrency
- B. with-items
- C. count
- D. retry
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to the Mistral Workflow Language (v2) documentation1, which is one of the technologies that can be used in a NSP workflow2, with-items is a task property that allows the action associated with a task to be run multiple times over a list of items1. The syntax for using with-items is:
task_name:
action:<action_name>
input:
<input_name>:<%item()%>
with-items:itemin<list>
You need to replace <action_name>, <input_name>, and <list> with your desired values. You can also use other properties such as concurrency, retry, or count to control how many iterations are executed in parallel, how many times an iteration is retried if it fails, or how many times an iteration is executed respectively1.
質問 # 15
Which of the following best describes an ad-hoc action?
- A. Default action provided by Workflow Manager
- B. Can only be used by one workflow
- C. Wrapper around an existing system action
- D. Special action for NSP applications
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Ad-hoc actions are wrappers around existing system actions that allow for more flexibility in terms of what can be done. They are not default actions provided by Workflow Manager, nor are they special actions for NSP applications. Ad-hoc actions can be used by multiple workflows.
質問 # 16
Based on the exhibit, which of the following is the proper syntax to publish ONLY information about the RTT to the workflow context?
A)
B)
C)
D)
- A. Option C
- B. Option D
- C. Option B
- D. Option A
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
This syntax assumes that there is a previous task that returns an object with an attribute named rtt that contains the round-trip time value1. The expression <% task().result.rtt %> evaluates to this value and assigns it to the variable rtt in the workflow context
質問 # 17
Which of the following statements about an intent is FALSE?
- A. It only involves services.
- B. It can be created and deleted through RESTCONF API.
- C. It is an instance of an intent type.
- D. It is stored in the database as the source of truth.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
According to the Nokia NSP Intent Manager Application Help2, an intent has the following characteristics:
* It is stored in the database as the source of truth.
* It is an instance of an intent type, which defines the structure and logic of an intent.
* It can be created and deleted through RESTCONF API or through the Intent Manager GUI.
* It can involve services, nodes, links, paths, or any other network elements.
質問 # 18
Which feature can be used to make a workflow portableif the workflow needs to be executed on either a development or production lab)?
- A. Joining
- B. Environments
- C. Conditional transactions
- D. Forking
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
a workflow can use environments to make it portable if the workflow needs to be executed on either a development or production lab. Environments are files that contain key-value pairs that can be used as input parameters for workflows1. Environments allow workflows to be executed with different settings without modifying the workflow definition
質問 # 19
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Intent Manager?
- A. Provides concepts for finding misalignments.
- B. Allows programmable and flexible logic.
- C. Provides flexible capabilities for achieving high-level bus
- D. Allows the parallel execution of many workflows.
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the Nokia NSP Intent Manager Application Help2, Intent Manager has the following benefits:
* It allows programmable and flexible logic. You can use scripts to define how intents are translated into network commands and how they react to network events.
* It provides concepts for finding misalignments. You can use audit and synchronize functions to detect and resolve any discrepancies between intents and network states.
* It provides flexible capabilities for achieving high-level business goals. You can use intents to express complex network behaviors such as service protection, bandwidth optimization, or latency reduction.
Therefore, based on these sources
Allows the parallel execution of many workflows.
This is NOT a benefit of Intent Manager because workflows are not related to intents. Workflows are sequences of tasks that can be executed on NSP using Workflow Manager.
質問 # 20
Which directory or directories do the file actions provide accessto on the NSP server?
- A. /opt
- B. /home
- C. /tmp and /mnt
- D. all directories
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
file actions are NSP actions that provide access to files and folders on the NSP server. The file actions can access all directories on the NSP server, but they are restricted by the permissions of the user who runs them.
For example, if a file action is run by a user who does not have write permission to a directory, the action will fail.
質問 # 21
Which API can identify the root cause(s) of issues in the network?
- A. Fault Management API
- B. Service Fulfilment API
- C. Subscription management
- D. Telemetry API
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The correct answer is Fault Management API. The Fault Management API can be used to identify the root cause(s) of issues in the network, such as hardware or software faults, configuration errors, and other problems. It provides a unified interface to receive and analyze fault information from multiple network elements.
The API that can identify the root cause(s) of issues in the network is the Fault Management API. This API allows network operators to monitor network faults and events in real-time, and diagnose and resolve issues quickly and efficiently. It provides information about the root cause(s) of the fault and the affected network elements, as well as enabling automated fault handling and resolution.
質問 # 22
Which of the following statements about the NSP Kafka service is FALSE?
- A. It allows an API client to subscribe to different event types.
- B. It is a distributed messaging system.
- C. It uses NETCONF based operations and YANG models.
- D. It allows an API client to receive event or alarm notifications.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The NSP Kafka service is a distributed messaging system that allows different applications to publish and subscribe to different event types. It provides an API client to receive event or alarm notifications and subscribe to different event types. However, it does not use NETCONF based operations and YANG models.
Instead, it uses the Kafka protocol to send and receive messages between producers and consumers.
質問 # 23
Which of the following allows the Intent Manger to communicate with network elements being managed by SNMP?
- A. NSP mediator
- B. Generic mediator
- C. NFM-P mediator
- D. MDC mediator
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Intent Manager to communicate with network elements that are not directly supported by NSP12. A generic mediator can use SNMP or other protocols to interact with network elements.
質問 # 24
Which of the following is NOT an Intent Type life-cycle state?
- A. Phased-Out
- B. Released
- C. Draft
- D. Created
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Intent Types have four life-cycle states: Draft, Released, Phased-Out, and Deleted. The Created state is not a life-cycle state for Intent Types; instead, it is an intermediate state used to create an Intent before it is moved to a life-cycle state.
質問 # 25
Which of the following is NOT an example of good coding principles?
- A. Adding notes/comments into code
- B. Using logging to debug code
- C. Using hard coded values
- D. Offloading code
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Good coding principles aim to make the code more maintainable and easier to debug. Offloading code and using logging to debug code are both good coding principles, as they make the code more efficient and easier to debug. Adding notes and comments into code is also a good coding practice, as it makes the code more readable and understandable. However, using hard coded values is not a good coding practice, as it makes the code more difficult to maintain and debug.
質問 # 26
Which of the following sequences best describes the process of moving to SDN based self-regulated networking?
- A. static networking -> action-based networking -> adaptive networking > autonomous networking
- B. action-based networking -> static networking -> adaptive networking -> autonomous networking
- C. action-based networking -> static networking -> autonomous networking -> adaptive networking
- D. static networking -> action-based networking -> autonomous networking -> adaptive networking
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
Nokia NSP is a platform that enables management, control and automation of IP/Optical networks. It supports various levels of network automation, from static networking to autonomous networking.
The process of moving to SDN based self-regulated networking involves four stages:
* Static networking: The network is manually configured and operated by human operators. There is no automation or intelligence involved.
* Action-based networking: The network is partially automated by using predefined actions or scripts that are triggered by events or commands. There is still human intervention required for complex tasks or exceptions.
* Adaptive networking: The network is dynamically automated by using policies, analytics and machine learning that can adjust the network behavior based on changing conditions and objectives. There is minimal human intervention required for oversight and validation.
* Autonomous networking: The network is fully automated by using artificial intelligence and closed-loop feedback that can optimize the network performance and reliability without any human involvement.
The network can self-heal, self-optimize and self-protect.
質問 # 27
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of Software-defined Networks (SDN) over traditional networks?
- A. Network elements operating autonomously
- B. Global view of network's state
- C. Centralized controller operations
- D. Decoupling of control plane from data plane
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
SDN does not provide any advantage in terms of having network elements operate autonomously. The other three options are all advantages of SDN over traditional networks.
Network elements operating autonomously is NOT an advantage of Software-defined Networks (SDN) over traditional networks. SDN aims to centralize control plane operations and provide a global view of the network's state, enabling more efficient and flexible network management. By decoupling the control plane from the data plane, SDN separates the management logic from the forwarding hardware, allowing for centralized and programmable network control.
some of the advantages of Software-defined Networks (SDN) over traditional networks are:
* Traffic programmability
* Agility
* Policy-driven network supervision
* Network automation
* Centralized controller operations
* Decoupling of control plane from data plane
* Global view of network's state
質問 # 28
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Infrastructurelure Intents?
- A. System security
- B. Policy management
- C. L2/L3 VPN configuration of multiple services
- D. Initial hardware configuration
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
Infrastructure Lure Intents are a type of Network Intent that describe how network resources should be allocated and configured for a specific service or application.
L2/L3 VPN configuration of multiple services is NOT a characteristic of Infrastructure Lure Intents, because it is more related to service provisioning than resource allocation.
質問 # 29
Which of the following statements about the NSP Workflow Manager is FALSE?
- A. It provides several building tools to design and create new workflows.
- B. It supports scheduling of workflow executions.
- C. It uses Openstack Heat as the core workflow engine.
- D. It supports parallel execution of many workflow.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
According to the Nokia NSP Workflow Manager Application Help , Workflow Manager has the following characteristics:
* It provides several building tools to design and create new workflows. You can use graphical editors, text editors, or import existing workflows from files or repositories.
* It uses Openstack Mistral as the core workflow engine. Mistral is an open source project that provides a service for managing workflows across multiple cloud platforms.
* It supports scheduling of workflow executions. You can use cron expressions or triggers to specify when and how often a workflow should run.
* It supports parallel execution of many workflows. You can run multiple workflows simultaneously on different network elements or services.
Therefore, based on these sources, the correct answer is:
It uses Openstack Heat as the core workflow engine.
This is FALSE because Workflow Manager uses Openstack Mistral, not Heat, as the core workflow engine.
Heat is another open source project that provides a service for orchestrating multiple cloud applications using templates.
The other statements are TRUE because:
* It provides several building tools to design and create new workflows. This allows you to create workflows that suit your specific network needs and preferences.
* It supports scheduling of workflow executions. This allows you to automate recurring network tasks and optimize network performance and availability.
* It supports parallel execution of many workflows. This allows you to handle complex network scenarios and operations efficiently and effectively.
質問 # 30
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