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質問 # 79 
- A. hexadecimal
- B. Base64
- C. JavaScript
- D. ascii85
正解：B
解説：
The string in the exhibit is a classic example of Base64 encoding. Base64 is used to encode binary data into ASCII characters, making it suitable for transmitting data over media that are designed to deal with textual data. It typically ends with one or two equal signs=(padding), which this string does. This format is commonly seen in obfuscated payloads or malware communications in the wild.
質問 # 80
A threat intelligence report identifies an outbreak of a new ransomware strain spreading via phishing emails that contain malicious URLs. A compromised cloud service provider, XYZCloud, is managing the SMTP servers that are sending the phishing emails. A security analyst reviews the potential phishing emails and identifies that the email is coming from XYZCloud. The user has not clicked the embedded malicious URL.
What is the next step that the security analyst should take to identify risk to the organization?
- A. Delete email from user mailboxes and update the incident ticket with lessons learned.
- B. Reset the reporting user's account and enable multifactor authentication.
- C. Create a detailed incident report and share it with top management.
- D. Find any other emails coming from the IP address ranges that are managed by XYZCloud.
正解：D
解説：
Since the phishing email originates from a known compromised cloud provider (XYZCloud), the correct immediate action for the security analyst is to determine the broader scope of exposure. This involves checking whether other users in the organization received similar emails from the same potentially malicious source. Therefore, querying for emails from theIP address rangesorSMTP domainslinked to XYZCloud is essential for identifying other possible attack vectors.
This step aligns with the containment phase of the incident response lifecycle, as outlined in theCyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, where threat hunting and log analysis are used to determine the extent of compromise and prevent lateral movement or further exposure. Only after the scope is understood should remediation or reporting actions follow.
Reference:CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter: Email-Based Threats and Containment Strategy during Incident Response.
質問 # 81 
multiple machines behave abnormally. A sandbox analysis reveals malware. What must the administrator determine next?
- A. source code of the malicious attachment
- B. if Patient 0 still demonstrates suspicious behavior
- C. if the file in Patient 0 is encrypted
- D. if Patient 0 tried to connect to another workstation
正解：D
解説：
The key goal during lateral movement analysis is to determine whether the malware spread or attempted to spread beyond the initially compromised system. This is crucial for containment and scoping of the incident.
Logs, sandbox behavior, or network activity may show if Patient 0 initiated outbound connections to other systems, potentially propagating malware across the environment.
Correct answer: D. if Patient 0 tried to connect to another workstation.
質問 # 82
Which technique is used to evade detection from security products by executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live operation?
- A. privilege escalation
- B. GPO modification
- C. token manipulation
- D. process injection
正解：D
質問 # 83
Refer to the exhibit.
Which element in this email is an indicator of attack?
- A. subject: "Service Credit Card"
- B. IP Address: 202.142.155.218
- C. content-Type: multipart/mixed
- D. attachment: "Card-Refund"
正解：D
解説：
According to the Cisco Certified CyberOps Associate guide (Chapter 5 - Identifying Attack Methods), attachments in emails-especially with file extensions like.xlsm-are high-risk indicators when analyzing suspicious or phishing emails. Malicious actors often use macro-enabled Excel files (.xlsm) as a payload delivery mechanism for malware or other exploits. These attachments are typically disguised as legitimate content such as refunds or invoices to trick the recipient into opening them.
The presence of"Card_Refund_18_6913.xlsm"is a strongIndicator of Compromise (IoC), as.xlsmfiles can contain VBA macros capable of executing malicious code. This matches exactly with examples provided in the study material discussing how macro-based payloads are delivered and recognized.
Hence,option Cis the most direct indicator of attack in this email.
質問 # 84
A security team received an alert of suspicious activity on a user's Internet browser. The user's anti-virus software indicated that the file attempted to create a fake recycle bin folder and connect to an external IP address. Which two actions should be taken by the security analyst with the executable file for further analysis? (Choose two.)
- A. Analyze the TCP/IP Streams in Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid).
- B. Network Exit Localization in Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid).
- C. Evaluate the behavioral indicators in Cisco Secure Malware Analytics (Threat Grid).
- D. Evaluate the process activity in Cisco Umbrella.
- E. Analyze the Magic File type in Cisco Umbrella.
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
質問 # 85
What is the function of a disassembler?
- A. aids transforming symbolic language into machine code
- B. aids viewing and changing the running state
- C. aids defining breakpoints in program execution
- D. aids performing static malware analysis
正解：D
解説：
A disassembler is a forensic and reverse engineering tool that translates machine-level code (binary) back into human-readable assembly language. This is used during static malware analysis to understand how the malware is constructed and what it is designed to do without actually executing the code.
According to theCyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, "Disassembler tools are used to assist with reverse malware engineering by allowing a security professional to examine the binary and understand the functionality of the malware code".
-
質問 # 86
Which tool should be used for dynamic malware analysis?
- A. Sandbox
- B. Decompiler
- C. Unpacker
- D. Disassembler
正解：A
解説：
Dynamic malware analysis involves executing the malware in a controlled environment to observe its behavior, such as file creation, network traffic, or system modifications. Asandboxis designed for this purpose-it safely executes and monitors suspicious code without risking the host system. The other tools (Decompiler, Unpacker, Disassembler) are primarily used in static analysis.
Correct answer: D. Sandbox
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質問 # 87
Refer to the exhibit.
A web hosting company analyst is analyzing the latest traffic because there was a 20% spike in server CPU usage recently. After correlating the logs, the problem seems to be related to the bad actor activities. Which attack vector is used and what mitigation can the analyst suggest?
- A. Phishing attack; conduct regular user training and use email filtering solutions.
- B. Distributed denial of service; use rate limiting and DDoS protection services.
- C. Brute-force attack; implement account lockout policies and roll out MFA.
- D. SQL Injection; implement input validation and use parameterized queries.
正解：C
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The log entries show repeated SSH login attempts for various invalid usernames (e.g., admin, phoenix, rainbow, test, user, etc.) from different source ports. These are clear signs of a brute-force attack-an automated process trying multiple usernames and passwords in hopes of gaining access.
Mitigating such attacks includes:
* Implementing account lockout policies (e.g., locking an account after several failed login attempts).
* Enabling Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to ensure that password guessing alone is insufficient for account access.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
D). Brute-force attack; implement account lockout policies and roll out MFA.
質問 # 88
Refer to the exhibit.
What should an engineer determine from this Wireshark capture of suspicious network traffic?
- A. There are signs of a malformed packet attack, and the engineer should limit the packet size and set a threshold of bytes as a countermeasure.
- B. There are signs of a DNS attack, and the engineer should hide the BIND version and restrict zone transfers as a countermeasure.
- C. There are signs of ARP spoofing, and the engineer should use Static ARP entries and IP address-to- MAC address mappings as a countermeasure.
- D. There are signs of SYN flood attack, and the engineer should increase the backlog and recycle the oldest half-open TCP connections.
正解：D
解説：
In the provided Wireshark capture, we see multiple TCP SYN packets being sent from different source IP addresses to the same destination IP address (192.168.1.159:80) within a short time window. These SYN packets do not show a corresponding SYN-ACK or ACK response, indicating that these TCP connection requests are not being completed.
This pattern is indicative of a SYN flood attack, a type of Denial of Service (DoS) attack. In this attack, a malicious actor floods the target system with a high volume of TCP SYN requests, leaving the target's TCP connection queue (backlog) filled with half-open connections. This can exhaust system resources, causing legitimate connection requests to be denied or delayed.
The countermeasure for this scenario, as highlighted in the CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide under Network-Based Attacks and TCP SYN Flood Attacks, involves:
* Increasing the backlog queue: This allows the server to hold more half-open connections.
* Recycling the oldest half-open connections: This ensures that legitimate connections have a chance to be established if the backlog fills up.
Reference: CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter 5: Identifying Attack Methods, SYN Flood Attack section, page 146-148.
質問 # 89
What is the steganography anti-forensics technique?
- A. hiding a section of a malicious file in unused areas of a file
- B. concealing malicious files in ordinary or unsuspecting places
- C. sending malicious files over a public network by encapsulation
- D. changing the file header of a malicious file to another file type
正解：A
解説：
Reference:
https://blog.eccouncil.org/6-anti-forensic-techniques-that-every-cyber-investigator-dreads/
質問 # 90
What is the steganography anti-forensics technique?
- A. hiding a section of a malicious file in unused areas of a file
- B. concealing malicious files in ordinary or unsuspecting places
- C. sending malicious files over a public network by encapsulation
- D. changing the file header of a malicious file to another file type
正解：A
解説：
Explanation/Reference:
https://blog.eccouncil.org/6-anti-forensic-techniques-that-every-cyber-investigator-dreads/
質問 # 91
Refer to the exhibit.
An engineer is analyzing a TCP stream in Wireshark after a suspicious email with a URL. What should be determined about the SMB traffic from this stream?
- A. It is exploiting redirect vulnerability
- B. It is requesting authentication on the user site.
- C. It is sharing access to files and printers.
- D. It is redirecting to a malicious phishing website
正解：C
解説：
The Wireshark output shows SMB protocol transactions, including NT Create AndX Response and Write AndX Response, indicating the transfer of files or objects. SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol used for file sharing and printer access in Windows networks. The log does not indicate phishing or redirection behavior but rather normal SMB communication such as accessing files or shared resources.
-
質問 # 92
Refer to the exhibit.
An engineer received a ticket to analyze a recent breach on a company blog. Every time users visit the blog, they are greeted with a message box. The blog allows users to register, log in, create, and provide comments on various topics. Due to the legacy build of the application, it stores user information in the outdated MySQL database. What is the recommended action that an engineer should take?
- A. Match the web server software for the front-end and back-end servers.
- B. Validate input on arrival as strictly as possible.
- C. Upgrade the MySQL database.
- D. Implement TLS 1.3 for external communications.
正解：B
解説：
The alert box in the screenshot ("HACKED BY 1337") is a classic sign of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). This occurs when unvalidated input is executed as code in a browser.
To prevent this:
* The Cisco CyberOps Associate guide recommends strict input validation as the primary defense against XSS and similar web-based injection attacks.
質問 # 93 
Refer to the exhibit. According to the Wireshark output, what are two indicators of compromise for detecting an Emotet malware download? (Choose two.)
- A. filename= "Fy.exe"
- B. Hash value: 5f31ab113af08=1597090577
- C. Domain name:iraniansk.com
- D. Content-Type: application/octet-stream
- E. Server: nginx
正解：B、D
質問 # 94
A scanner detected a malware-infected file on an endpoint that is attempting to beacon to an external site. An analyst has reviewed the IPS and SIEM logs but is unable to identify the file's behavior. Which logs should be reviewed next to evaluate this file further?
- A. Antivirus solution
- B. network device
- C. DNS server
- D. email security appliance
正解：C
質問 # 95
What is the function of a disassembler?
- A. aids transforming symbolic language into machine code
- B. aids viewing and changing the running state
- C. aids defining breakpoints in program execution
- D. aids performing static malware analysis
正解：D
解説：
Reference:
+analysis&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
質問 # 96
Refer to the exhibit.
A network engineer is analyzing a Wireshark file to determine the HTTP request that caused the initial Ursnif banking Trojan binary to download. Which filter did the engineer apply to sort the Wireshark traffic logs?
- A. tls.handshake.type ==1
- B. http.request.un matches
- C. tcp.window_size ==0
- D. tcp.port eq 25
正解：A
質問 # 97
Which scripts will search a log file for the IP address of 192.168.100.100 and create an output file named parsed_host.log while printing results to the console?
- A. Option A
- B. Option B
- C. Option C
- D. Option D
正解：B
解説：
To determine the correct script, we evaluate the following requirements:
* The script must search for the IP address 192.168.100.100.
* The output should be written to a file named parsed_host.log.
* The matching lines should be printed to the console.
Analysis of the options:
* Option A: Correct IP regex used and correct output filename, but reads from parsed_host.log instead of a source log file like test_log.log (not ideal for initial parsing).
* Option C: The IP address used is 192.168.100.101 instead of 192.168.100.100 - incorrect.
* Option D: Same IP address and logic as Option B, but uses print statement without parentheses, which is not valid in Python 3 unless using Python 2 - not ideal.
# Option B:
* Uses correct IP: "192.168.100.100"
* Reads from test_log.log (presumably the source log file).
* Writes to output/parsed_host.log.
* Prints each matching line and writes to output file - satisfying all conditions.
Reference:CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter on "Investigating Host-Based Evidence and Logs" emphasizes scripting log parsing tasks using Python's regex and file I/O for filtering artifacts like IP addresses. Scripts should ensure proper source log input, pattern matching, result redirection, and optional output logging for forensics analysis.
ChatGPT said:
質問 # 98
Which issue is related to gathering evidence from cloud vendors?
- A. There is limited access to physical media.
- B. The chain of custody does not apply on cloud services.
- C. Forensics tools do not apply on cloud services.
- D. Deleted data cannot be recovered in cloud services.
正解：A
解説：
In cloud environments, investigators typically do not have access to the physical storage devices where the data resides. This restricts traditional forensic processes, such as imaging or direct disk access, which are commonly used in on-premises investigations.
質問 # 99
An engineer received a call to assist with an ongoing DDoS attack. The Apache server is being targeted, and availability is compromised. Which step should be taken to identify the origin of the threat?
- A. An engineer should check the server's processes by running commands ps -aux and sudo ps -a.
- B. An engineer should check the last hundred entries of a web server with the command sudo tail -100 /var/ log/apache2/access.log.
- C. An engineer should check the services on the machine by running the command service -status-all.
- D. An engineer should check the list of usernames currently logged in by running the command $ who | cut - d' ' -f1| sort | uniq
正解：B
質問 # 100
Refer to the exhibit.
An engineer is analyzing a .LNK (shortcut) file recently received as an email attachment and blocked by email security as suspicious. What is the next step an engineer should take?
- A. Quarantine the file within the endpoint antivirus solution as the file is a ransomware which will encrypt the documents of a victim.
- B. Delete the suspicious email with the attachment as the file is a shortcut extension and does not represent any threat.
- C. Upload the file to a virus checking engine to compare with well-known viruses as the file is a virus disguised as a legitimate extension.
- D. Open the file in a sandbox environment for further behavioral analysis as the file contains a malicious script that runs on execution.
正解：D
解説：
The metadata in the exhibit reveals a strong indicator that this .LNK file (shortcut) is malicious:
* The shortcut file is named "ds7002.pdf" but actually points to the execution of PowerShell:# Full path:
C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe
* Arguments include:# -noni -ep bypass $z = '...'; indicating an attempt to run a PowerShell script with execution policy bypassed (a known tactic for fileless malware delivery).
* The file is masked as a PDF (common social engineering technique), and PowerShell execution via .
LNK is a signature technique used by many malware families to initiate second-stage payloads or scripts.
Given this, the correct and safest course of action is to:
# Open the .LNK file in a sandbox environment (D).
This enables safe behavioral analysis to observe what actions it attempts upon execution without endangering live systems.
Other options are inappropriate:
* A (ignoring the threat due to extension) is dangerous - .LNKs can trigger code.
* B (upload to virus engine) is only helpful for known malware and lacks behavioral context.
* C (quarantine) is preventive but not investigative - sandboxing provides visibility.
Reference:CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter on "Threat Hunting and Malware Analysis," section covering shortcut (.LNK) based attacks, PowerShell-based threats, and sandbox behavioral analysis strategies.
質問 # 101
Refer to the exhibit.
What is occurring within the exhibit?
- A. Host 209.141.51.196 redirects the client request to port 49723.
- B. Source 10.1.21.101 sends HTTP requests with the size of 302 kb.
- C. Host 209.141.51.196 redirects the client request from /Lk9tdZ to /files/1.bin.
- D. Source 10.1.21.101 is communicating with 209.141.51.196 over an encrypted channel.
正解：C
解説：
The Wireshark capture shows a series of HTTP requests and responses:
* The client (10.1.21.101) sends a GET request for /Lk9tdZ.
* The server (209.141.51.196) responds with HTTP/1.1 302 Found, which is a standard HTTP status code indicating a redirection.
* The subsequent GET request from the client is for /files/1.bin, which indicates it followed the redirect.
This behavior confirms that the server is issuing an HTTP 302 redirect from the initial request path /Lk9tdZ to
/files/1.bin. This is often observed in malware command-and-control behavior or file download staging.
* Option A is incorrect: 302 is a status code, not a data size.
* Option C is incorrect: port 49723 is a source/destination ephemeral port, not a redirect target.
* Option D is incorrect: communication is over HTTP, not HTTPS (which would indicate encryption).
Reference: CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter on Network Traffic Analysis and HTTP Status Code Interpretation.
質問 # 102
A security team detected an above-average amount of inbound tcp/135 connection attempts from unidentified senders. The security team is responding based on their incident response playbook. Which two elements are part of the eradication phase for this incident? (Choose two.)
- A. enterprise block listing solution
- B. centralized user management
- C. data and workload isolation
- D. intrusion prevention system
- E. anti-malware software
正解：B、D
解説：
The eradication phase in incident response involveseliminating the root cause of the incidentand strengthening defenses to prevent reoccurrence. In this case:
* Intrusion Prevention System (D): Adding new rules to the IPS to detect and block malicious activity on TCP/135 is a direct eradication step to remove the threat's entry point and prevent future attacks.
* Centralized User Management (C): Hardening user accounts, removing unnecessary permissions, and applying tighter authentication/authorization measures helps eliminate the possibility that threat actors could exploit weak or mismanaged accounts to continue accessing the system.
Althoughanti-malware software (A)andenterprise block listing (E)are valuable, themost direct eradication stepshere specifically involve managing network access (via IPS) and strengthening user controls (via centralized user management), especially when TCP/135 (MSRPC endpoint mapper) can be used to enumerate services and potentially access vulnerable endpoints remotely.
This aligns with best practices outlined in incident response frameworks (such as the NIST SP 800-61 and referenced resources), which emphasizeclosing the exploited entry points(in this case, TCP/135) and removing any lingering access pointsthrough user management and network control enhancements.
Reference:
CyberOps Technologies (CBRFIR) 300-215 study guide, Chapter: Understanding the Incident Response Process, Eradication Phase, page 105-106.
External Reference: "The Core Phases of Incident Response - Remediation," Cipher blog [1].
External Reference: "Service Overview and Network Port Requirements," Microsoft documentation [2].
質問 # 103
Which type of record enables forensics analysts to identify fileless malware on Windows machines?
- A. PowerShell event logs
- B. network records
- C. IIS logs
- D. file event records
正解：A
解説：
Fileless malwareoperates in memory and often leverages legitimate tools such asPowerShellto avoid traditional file-based detection. Since these threats don't leave typical file traces, analysts must rely on PowerShell event logsto trace suspicious or unauthorized script execution.
The Cisco CyberOps Associate guide explicitly states:
"PowerShell logs provide insight into script block execution and can reveal indicators of fileless attacks that reside in memory." Hence,PowerShell event logsare the most effective forensic source for detecting fileless malware activity on Windows systems.
質問 # 104
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