112-57 PDF問題集で2026年04月17日最近更新された問題
112-57試験問題有効な112-57問題集PDF
EC-COUNCIL 112-57 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 14
While investigating a web attack on a Windows-based server, Jessy executed the following command on her system:
C:> net view <\10.10.10.11>
What was Jessy's objective in running the above command?
- A. Review file shares to ensure their purpose
- B. Check whether sessions have been opened with other systems
- C. Verify the users using open sessions
- D. Check file space usage to look for a sudden decrease in free space
正解：A
解説：
The Windowsnet view \\<computer>command is used to enumerateshared resources(SMB shares) that a remote Windows system is publishing. When Jessy runsnet view \\10.10.10.11, her goal is to retrieve a list of the target host's visible shares-such as administrative shares (e.g.,C$,ADMIN$) and any custom shares created for departments, applications, or users. In forensic and incident-response practice, this is important because attackers commonly use SMB shares forlateral movement,staging tools,dropping payloads, andexfiltrating data. By reviewing the shares exposed by a suspected server, the investigator can quickly identify unexpected or overly permissive shares, locate potential repositories of web content or logs, and determine whether a compromised web server is also exposing file resources that expand the attacker's options.
The other options map to different commands and artifacts: disk space usage is checked with storage utilities (notnet view), open sessions are examined with commands likenet session, and identifying users accessing files typically involvesnet fileor server auditing logs. Therefore, Jessy's objective was toreview file shareson the remote host.
質問 # 15
Which of the following file systems is developed by Apple to support Mac OS in its proprietary Macintosh system and replace the Macintosh File System (MFS)?
- A. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
- B. Apple File System
- C. New Technology File System
- D. Hierarchical File System
正解：D
解説：
Apple's original Macintosh computers initially usedMFS (Macintosh File System), which had important limitations, including a relatively flat directory model and constraints that became problematic as storage sizes and file organization needs grew. To address these limitations, Apple introducedHFS (Hierarchical File System)-explicitly designed to replace MFS and provide a truehierarchical directory structure(folders within folders), improved metadata handling, and better scalability for the Macintosh platform. From a digital forensics perspective, this historical transition matters because examiners may encounter legacy Macintosh media or disk images where understanding the file system family helps interpret catalog structures, allocation behavior, and metadata artifacts.
The other options do not fit the "replace MFS" requirement.NTFSis Microsoft's Windows file system.APFS (Apple File System)is Apple's modern file system introduced much later (primarily for SSDs, with features like snapshots and strong encryption support) and it replaced HFS+ in newer macOS versions-not MFS.
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)is a UNIX/Linux directory layout standard, not a Macintosh disk file system. Therefore, the Apple-developed file system that replaced MFS isHierarchical File System (HFS), which corresponds toOption D.
質問 # 16
Which of the following techniques is defined as the art of hiding data "behind" other data without the target's knowledge, thereby hiding the existence of the message itself?
- A. Password cracking
- B. Program packer
- C. Artifact wiping
- D. Steganography
正解：D
解説：
Steganographyis the technique of concealing a messagewithin another seemingly harmless carrier(such as an image, audio file, video, or document) so that theexistence of the hidden message is not apparentto an observer. Digital forensics references distinguish steganography from encryption: encryption scrambles content but usually leaves visible indicators that protected data exists (ciphertext), while steganography aims to make the communication look ordinary, reducing suspicion. In practice, steganographic methods often embed data into redundant or less perceptible parts of the carrier, such as modifying least significant bits in pixel values, altering frequency components in audio, or inserting data into metadata or unused file structures.
The other options do not match the definition.Password crackingis an access technique to recover authentication secrets, not a concealment method.Artifact wipingis an anti-forensics method intended to remove traces (logs, files, slack space remnants), but it does not "hide behind" other data-it destroys or overwrites evidence.Program packerscompress/obfuscate executables to hinder static analysis and detection, but they still produce an executable whose presence is evident; they do not primarily hide messages inside benign files. Therefore, the described "hiding the existence of the message itself" corresponds toSteganography (C).
質問 # 17
Bob, a security specialist at an organization, extracted the following IIS log from a Windows-based server:
"2019-12-12
06:11:41 192.168.0.10 GET /images/content/bg_body1.jpg - 80 - 192.168.0.27 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows+NT+6.
3;+WOW64)+AppleWebKit/537.36+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/48.0.2564.103+Safari/537.36
http://www.moviescope.com/css/style.css 200 0 0 365"
Identify the element in the above IIS log entry that indicates the request was fulfilled without error.
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：D
解説：
In Microsoft IIS (W3C Extended) logging, each request line records multiple standardized fields that help investigators reconstruct what was accessed, by whom, and with what outcome. Among these fields, the most direct indicator of whether the server successfully handled the request is theHTTP status codecaptured in thesc-statusfield. A status code of200means"OK", indicating the server located the requested resource (here,
/images/content/bg_body1.jpg) and returned it successfully to the client without application-level failure.
Other numbers in the entry represent different attributes:80is the server port used for the HTTP request,
192values appear as part of IP addressing (client/server addresses), and537is embedded in the user-agent string (AppleWebKit build number), not a success indicator. IIS often logs additional substatus and Win32 status values (e.g.,sc-substatusandsc-win32-status) to refine the outcome; in the shown line, those follow the
200 as "200 0 0 ...", reinforcing that no substatus error or OS-level error occurred. Therefore,200is the element confirming the request was fulfilled without error.
質問 # 18
Which of the following network protocols creates secure tunneling through which content obfuscation can be achieved?
- A. ARP
- B. SNMP
- C. SSH
- D. UDP
正解：C
解説：
SSH (Secure Shell)is specifically designed to provide anencrypted channelover an untrusted network. In digital forensics and incident response, SSH is well known for supportingtunneling/port forwarding, where traffic for another protocol (for example, HTTP, database connections, or remote desktop) is encapsulated inside an SSH session. Because the SSH session encrypts payload data (and can also protect authentication and command content), the tunneled traffic becomesobfuscated to network monitoring toolsthat can only see metadata such as source/destination IPs, port numbers (often TCP/22), timing, and byte counts. This capability is frequently discussed in forensic references as a mechanism that can hinder content inspection and complicate attribution of user actions purely from packet payload analysis.
By contrast,SNMPis primarily for network management and monitoring, not secure tunneling.ARPresolves IP- to-MAC addresses on local networks and does not provide encryption or tunneling.UDPis a transport protocol that can carry data for many applications but provides no built-in security or tunneling features by itself.
Therefore, the protocol that creates secure tunneling enabling content obfuscation isSSH (C).
event logs) to establish user intent and sequence of actions. Therefore, the correct option isBrowsingHistoryView (B).
質問 # 19
Which of the following steps in forensic readiness planning provides a backup for future reference and assists in presenting evidence in a court of law?
- A. Keeping an incident response team ready to review the incident
- B. Identifying the potential evidence required for an incident
- C. Creating a process for documenting the procedure
- D. Determining the sources of evidence
正解：C
解説：
In forensic readiness planning, the goal is to ensure that when an incident occurs, the organization can collect, preserve, and present digital evidence in a manner that remainsreliable, repeatable, and legally defensible. A key requirement for courtroom acceptance is cleardocumentation-often referred to as proper documentation and chain-of-custody support-showing what actions were taken, by whom, when, using which tools, and under what conditions. Creating a defined process for documenting procedures ensures investigators consistently record acquisition steps, handling methods, hashing/verification results, storage locations, access history, and any changes in evidence possession. This documentation becomes a "backup" in the sense that it preserves institutional memory of the investigation steps, allowing future reviewers (auditors, opposing experts, courts) to reconstruct and validate what occurred even long after the incident.
While identifying potential evidence (B) and determining evidence sources (C) are important readiness tasks, they do not themselves create the structured record needed to defend evidence integrity. Keeping an incident response team ready (D) supports operational response, but does not directly ensure admissibility. Therefore, the step that provides future reference and supports court presentation isCreating a process for documenting the procedure (A).
質問 # 20
Identify the malware analysis technique in which the investigators must take a snapshot of the baseline state of the forensic workstation before malware execution.
- A. Monitoring host integrity
- B. Online malware scanning
- C. String search
- D. File fingerprinting
正解：A
解説：
The technique described-taking a snapshot of the baseline state of the forensic workstation before executing malware-aligns withMonitoring host integrity. In malware forensics, investigators often perform controlled execution (dynamic analysis) and need a reliable way to identifywhat changed on the systemas a direct result of the malware run. Host integrity monitoring is a structured approach where the examiner first captures aknown-good baselineof critical system elements such as file system state (key directories, system binaries), registry/configuration state, running services, installed drivers, scheduled tasks, and sometimes hash inventories of important files. After malware execution, the investigator captures a second snapshot and performsdifferential comparisonto determine newly created/modified files, persistence mechanisms, configuration changes, dropped payloads, and tampering attempts.
This baseline-before/after comparison is fundamental for attributing changes to the sample, supporting repeatability, and documenting evidence in a defensible manner. The other options do not require a workstation baseline snapshot in this sense:online malware scanningchecks a file against signatures/reputation services;string searchextracts readable strings from binaries; andfile fingerprintingtypically refers to hashing to uniquely identify a file, not system-wide state comparison. Therefore, the correct answer isMonitoring host integrity (B).
質問 # 21
Michael, a forensic expert, was assigned to investigate an incident that involved unauthorized intrusion attempts. In this process, Michael identified all the open ports on a system and disabled them because these open ports can allow attackers to install malicious services and compromise the security of the system or network.
Which of the following commands assisted Michael in identifying open ports in the above scenario?
- A. ifconfig <interface> -promisc
- B. nmap -sT localhost
- C. netstat -i
- D. netstat -rn
正解：B
解説：
To identifyopen ports, investigators need a method that actively checks which TCP/UDP ports on a host are accepting connections. The commandnmap -sT localhostperforms aTCP Connect scanagainst the local system. In a connect scan, Nmap uses the operating system's normal networking API to attempt a full TCP three-way handshake to each targeted port. If the handshake completes, the port is reported asopen; if it is refused, it isclosed; and if filtered by firewall rules, it may appearfiltered. This directly supports Michael's objective of enumerating open ports so they can be reviewed and disabled to reduce the attack surface and prevent malicious services from being installed.
The other options do not enumerate open ports in the same way.netstat -ishows interface-level statistics (packets, errors) rather than listing listening services.netstat -rndisplays the routing table (routes and gateways), which helps understand network paths but not which ports are open.ifconfig <interface> -promisc relates to enabling/disabling promiscuous mode on an interface for packet capture, not port discovery.
Therefore, the command that assisted in identifying open ports isnmap -sT localhost (C).
質問 # 22
Which of the following tools helps a forensics investigator develop and test across multiple operating systems in a virtual machine for Mac and allows access to Microsoft Office for Windows?
- A. Camtasia
- B. NetSim
- C. Parallels Desktop 16
- D. Riverbed Modeler
正解：C
解説：
A common requirement in macOS-focused forensic labs is the ability to runmultiple operating systemson a single Mac for controlled testing, malware detonation in a sandbox, reproduction of user activity, and validation of artifacts across platforms. This is typically achieved throughdesktop virtualization, where a hypervisor hosts guest operating systems (such as Windows and various Linux distributions) inside virtual machines.Parallels Desktop 16is a Mac virtualization solution built specifically to run Windows on macOS with strong integration features (such as shared clipboard, folder sharing, and "coherence" modes that allow Windows applications to appear alongside Mac applications). This capability aligns with the question's description: developing and testing across multiple OSs in VMs on a Mac and enabling use ofMicrosoft Office for Windowswithin that Windows guest environment.
The other tools do not fit.Riverbed ModelerandNetSimare primarilynetwork modeling/simulationtools used for network design and training, not desktop virtualization.Camtasiais used forscreen recording and video editing, which can support documentation but does not provide a VM environment. Therefore, the only option that directly provides cross-OS virtual machines on macOS and supports running Windows applications like Microsoft Office isParallels Desktop 16 (B).
質問 # 23
Bob, a forensic investigator, is investigating a live Windows system found at a crime scene. In this process, Bob extracted subkeys containing information such as SAM, Security, and software using an automated tool called FTK Imager.
Which of the following Windows Registry hives' subkeys provide the above information to Bob?
- A. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
- B. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG
- C. HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
- D. HKEY_CURRENT_USER
正解：A
解説：
In Windows forensics, the Registry is organized into logical root keys ("hives") that aggregate configuration and security data. The items named in the question-SAM,SECURITY, andSOFTWARE-aresystem-wide registry hivesstored on disk (typically under the system's configuration directory) and loaded at runtime underHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (HKLM). Investigators rely on these hives because they contain high- value evidence: theSAMhive stores local account database information (including user and group identifiers and credential-related material), theSECURITYhive holds system security policy and LSA-related settings, and theSOFTWAREhive contains installed software, application configuration, and many operating system settings relevant for program execution and persistence analysis.
Tools likeFTK Imagercan extract these hives (or their live-memory representations) during triage to preserve volatile context and enable offline parsing while maintaining evidentiary integrity. The other root keys do not match these specific hives:HKEY_CURRENT_USERis per-user profile data, HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIGreflects current hardware profile, andHKEY_CLASSES_ROOTis primarily file association/COM class mapping (largely derived from HKLM\Software\Classes and HKCU\Software\Classes). Therefore, the correct hive root that provides SAM, SECURITY, and SOFTWARE subkeys isHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE (B).
質問 # 24
Which of the following types of phishing attacks allows an attacker to exploit instant messaging platforms by employing IM as a tool to spread spam?
- A. Spear phishing
- B. Pharming
- C. Spimming
- D. Whaling
正解：C
解説：
Spimmingis defined in digital forensics and cybercrime references asspam over instant messaging (IM). It is a social-engineering variant where attackers use instant messaging platforms (and sometimes chat apps) to deliver unsolicited bulk messages containing malicious links, fraudulent offers, credential-harvesting lures, or malware downloads. Because IM messages are often delivered in real time and can appear to come from known contacts (via compromised accounts), spimming can achieve higher click-through rates than traditional email spam. For investigators, spimming incidents commonly leave artifacts such as chat logs, message timestamps, sender identifiers, embedded URLs, and sometimes downloaded payload traces on the endpoint.
These artifacts help establish attacker infrastructure (domains, IPs), victim interaction (click events, file creation), and timeline correlation with network logs.
The other options do not match the "IM as a tool to spread spam" description.Whalingtargets high-profile individuals via highly tailored phishing, typically email-based.Pharmingredirects users to fraudulent websites (often via DNS or host-file manipulation) without relying on bulk IM spam.Spear phishingis targeted phishing toward specific individuals or groups, not necessarily IM spam. Therefore, the phishing/spam attack that exploits instant messaging platforms isSpimming (C).
質問 # 25
Identify the investigation team member who is responsible for evidence gathered at the crime scene and maintains a record of the evidence, making it admissible in a court of law.
- A. Incident responder
- B. Incident analyzer
- C. Evidence examiner
- D. Evidence manager
正解：D
解説：
The role described-being responsible for evidence gathered at the crime scene and maintaining a record that makes the evidence admissible in court-matches the duties of anEvidence manager. In digital forensics practice, admissibility depends heavily on provingintegrity, authenticity, and continuity of possession. The evidence manager ensures these requirements by implementing and documenting thechain of custody, which is the formal, chronological record of who collected the evidence, when and where it was collected, how it was packaged and labeled, how it was transported, where it was stored, and every time it was accessed or transferred. This role also enforces evidence handling procedures such as tamper-evident sealing, secure storage controls, access logging, and verification steps (for example, ensuring hashes are recorded and preserved for forensic images).
Anincident responderfocuses on containment and immediate actions during an incident; anincident analyzerperforms technical analysis and correlation of artifacts; and anevidence examinerconducts detailed forensic examinations on acquired data. While these roles interact with evidence, the specific responsibility for maintaining custody documentation and evidence records to support legal admissibility belongs to theEvidence manager, makingDthe correct answer.
質問 # 26
Which of the following MAC forensic data components saves file information and related events using a token with a binary structure?
- A. User account
- B. Kexts
- C. Command-line inputs
- D. Basic Security Module
正解：D
解説：
On macOS, theBasic Security Module (BSM)provides the system'saudit framework, which records security- relevant activity such asfile access, process execution, authentication events, privilege changes, and other system calls. A key forensic characteristic of BSM auditing is that events are written asbinary audit records composed of "tokens."Each token represents a structured piece of the event (for example: subject/user identity, process ID, command arguments, path, return value, timestamps), and tokens are assembled into complete audit records. Because these audit logs arebinary and tokenized, they are compact, consistent, and designed for reliable parsing and evidentiary reconstruction-important when building timelines of file- related actions and attributing them to specific users and processes.
The other options do not match the "binary token" description.Command-line inputsmay be stored in shell history files but are plain text and not tokenized binary audit records.User accountartifacts (e.g., directory services, plist files) describe identities and settings, not tokenized event logs.Kexts(kernel extensions) are drivers/modules; while they can affect system behavior, they are not the macOS component that stores file
/event records in a binary token format. Therefore, the correct answer isBasic Security Module (C).
質問 # 27
Which of the following commands can an investigator use to parse GPTs of both types of hard disks, including those formatted with either UEFI or MBR?
- A. Get-BootSector
- B. Get-ForensicPartitionTable
- C. Get-GPT
- D. Get-PartitionTable
正解：B
解説：
In forensic examinations, investigators must correctly interpret a disk'spartitioning schemebecause it determines where volumes begin, where file systems reside, and how to validate acquisition completeness.
Modern systems may useGPT(commonly associated with UEFI) while legacy systems often useMBR. A practical forensic command therefore needs to detect and parse partition informationregardless of whether the disk uses MBR or GPT, and present the results in a consistent, investigator-friendly output for verification and downstream analysis (e.g., selecting the correct partition offsets for imaging or mounting).
Get-ForensicPartitionTableis designed for exactly this role in forensic PowerShell tooling: it parses partition table structures in a forensically oriented manner and supports disks partitioned usingeither MBR or GPT.
That "forensic" emphasis typically means it reads raw structures directly, reports partition entries and offsets, and helps avoid ambiguity when the protective MBR (present on GPT disks) could confuse simplistic parsers.
By contrast,Get-BootSectortargets boot sector/VBR data rather than the full partition layout;Get-GPTis GPT- specific and does not cover MBR-only disks; andGet-PartitionTableis a more generic label that may not guarantee dual-scheme forensic parsing. Therefore, the correct option isC.
質問 # 28
Which of the following files belonging to the Extensible Storage Engine (ESE) stores the mail data in Microsoft Exchange Server?
- A. Database.edb
- B. DataStore.edb
- C. WLCalendarStore.edb
- D. Mail.MSMessageStore
正解：A
解説：
Microsoft Exchange Server stores mailbox contents (emails, attachments, folders, and related messaging objects) inside anESE (Extensible Storage Engine) databasethat uses the.edbfile format. In Exchange terminology this is theMailbox Database, and its primary persistent store is thedatabase .edb filealong with associated transaction logs that support write-ahead logging and recovery. From a forensic perspective, the.
edbfile is the central artifact because it contains the structured mailbox data that investigators analyze for message content, metadata (timestamps, sender/recipient fields, message IDs), and folder structure.
Among the options,Database.edbbest matches the Exchange ESE mailbox database file that stores mail data.
The other options are either generic or associated with different Microsoft messaging components:Mail.
MSMessageStorerelates to the Windows Mail/Modern Mail app storage model rather than Exchange Server's mailbox database, andWLCalendarStore.edbis commonly tied to Windows Live/Windows Essentials calendar or communications storage, not Exchange's server-side mailbox store.DataStore.edbis also used by other Windows services, but the recognized Exchange mailbox store is the.edb database file, makingDatabase.edb (D)the correct answer.
質問 # 29
A forensic investigator is collecting volatile data such as system information and network information present in the registries, cache, DLLs, and RAM of digital devices through its normal interface.
Identify the data acquisition method the investigator is performing.
- A. Dead acquisition
- B. Non-volatile data acquisition
- C. Live acquisition
- D. Static acquisition
正解：C
解説：
The scenario describes the investigator collectingvolatileartifacts-specifically information inRAM, activeDLLs, system and network state, and transient data held incacheand similar runtime locations-through the device's normal interface while the system is running. In digital forensics documentation, this is the defining characteristic oflive acquisition(also called live response). Live acquisition is performed when the system remains powered on so that investigators can capture evidence that would be lost on shutdown, such as running processes, open network connections, logged-on sessions, loaded modules/DLLs, encryption keys, and portions of registry data that exist in memory or are actively changing.
By contrast,static acquisitionanddead acquisitionare conducted when the system is powered off (or the evidence drive is imaged outside the running OS), focusing primarily on persistent storage such as disk sectors and file system structures.Non-volatile data acquisitionrefers to collecting persistent data stored on media (e.g., files on disk), which does not match the emphasis on RAM and other volatile components in the question. Because the investigator is explicitly collecting volatile data from a running system via its normal interface, the correct method isLive acquisition (B).
質問 # 30
Cooper, a forensic analyst, was examining a RAM dump extracted from a Linux system. In this process, he employed an automated tool, Volatility Framework, to identify any malicious code hidden inside the memory.
Which of the following plugins of the Volatility Framework helps Cooper detect hidden or injected files in the memory?
- A. nmap -sU localhost
- B. linux_malfind
- C. linux_netstat
- D. ip addr show
正解：B
解説：
In memory forensics, "hidden or injected" malicious code typically refers toprocess injection,code caves, unbacked executable mappings, or regions of memory that aremarked executablebut do not align with normal, file-backed program segments. The Volatility Framework provides specialized plugins to locate these suspicious patterns.linux_malfindis the plugin designed to detectpotentially injected codeby scanning a process's memory mappings for characteristics that commonly indicate malicious presence-such asexecutable anonymous mappings, unusual permissions (e.g., RWX), and memory regions that contain shellcode-like byte patterns. This is highly relevant when malware attempts to avoid disk artifacts by living in memory or by injecting payloads into legitimate processes.
By contrast,linux_netstatis used to enumerate network connections and sockets from memory (useful for C2 analysis), but it does not focus on injected code regions.ip addr showandnmap -sU localhostare live-system networking commands, not Volatility plugins, and they are not suitable for analyzing a captured RAM image.
Therefore, to detect hidden/injected malicious code in a Linux RAM dump using Volatility, the correct plugin islinux_malfind (A).
質問 # 31
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