無料CIPS L3M1学習ガイド試験問題と解答
L3M1試験問題集、L3M1練習テスト問題
CIPS L3M1 認定試験の出題範囲：
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質問 # 21
Which of the following are widely-used measures of output of a country's economy?
- A. GDP
- B. GMP
- C. GNP
- D. GPC
正解：A、C
解説：
Gross National Product; Gross Domestic Product.
Seen by some commentators as outdated measures, although it's difficult to know what they should / would be replaced by.
質問 # 22
Which one of the following initiates the procurement process inside the buying organisation, calling for action by the procurement professionals?
- A. Requisition
- B. Invoice
- C. Specification
- D. Request for quotation
正解：A
解説：
This should be an easy question.
If you are unfamiliar with any of these terms, return to your textbook soon.
The RFQ is the action taken by procurement often, further to the requisition and other necessary documentation.
質問 # 23
Which one of the following is a commercial document issued by a seller seeking payment for goods or services?
- A. Invoice
- B. Pre-qualification question naire
- C. Delivery note
- D. Supplier quotation
正解：A
解説：
This should be straightforward.
If unclear, check your notes / textbook.
質問 # 24
The y-axis of the Product Life Cycle could properly show the following (select all that apply):
- A. Profits
- B. Losses
- C. Sales
正解：A、B、C
解説：
The vertical axis (the y-axis) of the product life cycle diagram could correctly show all three, and might commonly show losses and / or investment in the early stage(s).
質問 # 25
Which of the following could be described as an organisation?
- A. A local authority / local government
- B. A business such as Ethiopian Airlines
- C. The University of Phoenix, Arizona
- D. A self-employed tutor of online education
正解：A、B、C
解説：
All except the self-employed tutor have a social arrangement with collective goals, and controls on performance.
The self-employed tutor may have a goal, but it is not collective; is not part of a(n internal) social arrangement and controls on performance may be entirely in their own hands, or perhaps even ab-sent altogether.
質問 # 26
'In the not-for-profit sector, funding often comes from those who do not benefit directly from the service provision.' True or false?
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
In the not-for-profit sector, funding often comes from external sources or donors. The beneficiaries of the services are often beneficiaries of services because they don't have funds eg the homeless, the poor, the sick, etc Thus in this sector, the 'paymaster' is often separated from the recipient of services provided, which has implications for the management of such organisations.
Which is the priority? The one providing funding; or the one receiving the services?
質問 # 27
The abbreviation 'SME' stands for ...
- A. Single-minded entrepreneur
- B. Small and medium-sized entity
- C. Small and medium-sized enterprise
- D. Supply management enterprise
正解：D
解説：
This is the standard definition, widely used, and given in your textbook.
質問 # 28
The Paris Agreement is about:
- A. Climate change
- B. Taxation on fashion houses
- C. Rail freight rates
- D. European free trade
正解：D
解説：
In 2015 an agreement was reached in Paris, France among most world nations to try to limit climate change and its effects.
The other answers shown are simply fictions.
質問 # 29
The price of one currency expressed in terms of another currency is called the:
- A. Exchange rate
- B. Base rate
- C. Equilibrium rate
- D. Interest rate
正解：A
解説：
Exchange rate - the rate at which the currencies are exchanged. This rate can vary frequently, some-times several times per hour, depending on circumstances.
The interest rate is the rate charged on loans - the cost of borrowing.
The base rate is the basic interest rate used for agreeing loans within an economy. This rate is nor-mally set by the government or the central bank. Loans within that economy will usually be at a higher rate than the base rate, often much higher.
The equilibrium rate (more commonly 'equilibrium price') is the rate at which supply and demand meet, not necessarily related to currency.
質問 # 30
Which one of the following is a document issued by a buyer to conduct an initial assessment of the suitability of a potential supplier for possible future use, either for a specific requirement or to add to a list of approved suppliers?
- A. Pre-qualification question naire
- B. Request for quotation
- C. Supplier quotation
- D. Invitation to tender
正解：A
解説：
Pre-qualification question naire is the correct answer.
A supplier quotation comes from the supplier side; both the RFQ and the ITT are intended to be more formally binding, including the price element, than what is described here.
質問 # 31
The primary purpose of a public sector organisation is to:
- A. Create jobs
- B. Make profit
- C. Boost national prestige
- D. Provide services
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is to provide services. However, some other secondary factors may come into play. For example, some public sector organisations may be encouraged to boost national prestige eg airports, airlines; or they may be used as job creation schemes.
質問 # 32
Thinking of Michael Porter's Industry Structure Analysis (commonly referred to as Five Forces Analysis), which of the following are seen as threats (select all that apply):
- A. New entrants
- B. Substitutes
- C. Buyers
- D. Suppliers
正解：A、B
解説：
The model speaks of the threat of new entrants and the threat of substitutes. New entrants are par-ticularly attracted by high profitability in the sector. Substitutes can come about in a number of ways for example, through lower prices or because of technology.
質問 # 33
As well as a Goods Received Note (GRN), three-way matching to authorise a payment to a supplier should involve two other documents. Which two?
- A. Purchase Order
- B. Invoice
- C. Service Level Agreement
- D. Bill of Materials
正解：A、B
解説：
The GRN, invoice and PO should all match to enable payment to occur.
The BoM will help calculate the extent of the requirement, prior to the PO being issued.
An SLA will help ensure adequate and contractual delivery of any services required.
質問 # 34
Thinking of Michael Porter's Industry Structure Analysis (commonly referred to as Five Forces Analysis), the content of the centre circle is about:
- A. Competitor price-cutting to increase market share
- B. Competitive rivalry within the industry
- C. Governmental interference in an industry
- D. Governmental regulation of competition within an economy
正解：B
解説：
Competitive rivalry within an industry.
This can be quite an important point, and why I have such a dislike of the less formal title for the model - the model is about entire industries, not just about a single firm - this is commonly misun-derstood by students (and sadly, some tutors) - and the original Porter title - 'Industry Structure Analysis' - helps us understand that, I think. I find this tool of analysis to be very helpful in under-standing behaviour within sectors, despite criticism of the model and its age from some commenta-tors The other answers shown are mere fictions.
質問 # 35
Which of the following are examples of renewable resources?
- A. Wind power from wind turbines
- B. Oil
- C. Coal
- D. Hydro-electric
正解：A、D
解説：
Both wind power and hydro-electric can be used many times over - they are renewable - wind, riv-ers, tides return each day, more or less.
On the other hand, coal, oil as well as wood, turf and gas are non-renewable - that is, there are lim-ited stocks and they will run out.
Many economies are now switching to use of renewables to generate electricity, heat, etc
質問 # 36
In which one of the following sectors would you least expect to find seasonal unemployment:
- A. Tourism
- B. Agriculture
- C. Construction
- D. Policing
正解：D
解説：
Agriculture and tourism are normally associated with high levels of seasonal employment, and hence to some extent, unemployment.
Construction also often has an element of seasonality. For example, there is a saying in Alaska: 'there are two seasons - winter and construction', although in some less extreme climates construc-tion carries on year-round.
In most situations, we normally expect police employment levels to be relatively consistent through-out the year.
質問 # 37
A market situation where there is only one supplier is called:
- A. Oligopoly
- B. Monopoly
- C. Monopsony
- D. Imperfect competition
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is, of course, 'monopoly'.
質問 # 38
In one format for describing socio-economic groupings, skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled working class people would be classified as:
- A. A,
- B. D
- C. C1
- D. C2,
正解：C
解説：
This is a broad group of people deriving income from employment, including some skilled people through to unskilled.
A, B and C1 would be those people often referred to as upper middle class or upper class; whereas E would describe a broad group of the poor, the unemployed, etc.
These are rough generalisations regarding people's likelihood of income, taste, lifestyle, etc. To take an extreme example, there is probably not much point in trying to market Dom Perignon (an expen-sive brand of champagne) to the E group. But the E group might welcome promotion of a low-cost brand of tobacco or cigarettes.
質問 # 39
Which of the following is least risky from the buyer's viewpoint?
- A. Payment 60 days after delivery
- B. Payment of 50% at time of order; with balance to be paid 90 days after delivery
- C. Payment on delivery
- D. Payment in full at time of order
正解：A
解説：
Payment (the implication here is 'in full') 60 days after delivery allows the buying organisation time to check the goods carefully, and possibly even use them in that time.
All of the other options would require the buyer to part with money prior to holding the goods, thus exposing that sum to risk. The least risky from the buyer's viewpoint is therefore after 60 days.
Particularly hazardous would be payment at time of order.
質問 # 40
Monetary policy deals with:
- A. Government decisions and actions regarding exchange rates and unemployment in the economy
- B. Government decisions and actions regarding the balance between taxation revenue and public expenditure
- C. Government decisions and actions regarding the level of interest rates and supply of money in the economy
- D. Government decisions and actions regarding the size of banknotes and coins in the economy
正解：C
解説：
Government decisions and actions regarding the level of interest rates and supply of money in the economy.
Fiscal policy relates to taxation and its relationship to government expenditure.
The other two suggested answers: exchange rates and unemployment rates are a factor of other poli-cies; the size of coins and banknotes is beyond the scope of your syllabus and my knowledge. :)
質問 # 41
Which of the following would not normally be seen as part of public sector procurement?
- A. Personal bonus payments for procurement staff, linked to savings made
- B. Achieving defined service levels
- C. Pursuit of equal opportunities policies, internally and externally
- D. An emphasis on the use of the competitive principle
- E. Personal financial rewards from suppliers for buyers in return for awarding contracts
正解：A、E
解説：
Public sector procurement staff are expected to work and offer their best to their employer, normal-ly without additional reward for creating cost savings, which is part of their work; and they should not receive rewards from suppliers.
This latter point takes us into the area of procurement ethics, which CIPS regards as being particu-larly significant for procurement professionals.
The other answers shown are typical features of public sector procurement.
質問 # 42
A market situation where there is a small number of large suppliers is called:
- A. Monopsony
- B. Monopoly
- C. Oligopoly
- D. Perfect competition
正解：C
解説：
A monopoly is a single supplier (or for some authorities where one supplier has control of the market eg 75% market share); a monopsony is a single buyer.
Perfect competition involves many suppliers and many buyers.
The clue here is the 'small number' of suppliers.
質問 # 43
Measurement of an organisation's carbon footprint uses which gas as a standard measure?
- A. H2O
- B. CO3
- C. CO2
- D. CO
正解：C
解説：
A well-known measure of carbon footprint.
Procurement professionals are encouraged to incorporate environmentally-friendly thinking into their workplace activities and decision-making.
質問 # 44
Doing the same with fewer resources is:
- A. Efficiency
- B. Economy
- C. Effectiveness
- D. Efficiency.
- E.
正解：A
解説：
Economy is most easily thought of as paying less, hopefully with no loss of quality, service, etc Effectiveness is most easily thought of as achieving the right outputs.
What one really seeks is effectiveness. Unfortunately it is possible to be efficient without being ef-fective. An example from my work life is the collection of statistics / 'returns'. I have come across parts of organisations which were very efficient at collecting data, but the data were not used in any meaningful way - the outputs of the efficiency did not add value and did not create useful outputs. There was a lack of effectiveness. The distinction is worthwhile, I think.
質問 # 45
'Open tendering may impose a substantial administrative burden on the procurement function.' True or false?
- A. True
- B. False
正解：A
解説：
Because a wide range of organisations (or even individuals) may respond to an open tender, consid-erable administrative resource may have to be devoted to analysing offers.
質問 # 46
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