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Juniper JN0-664（サービスプロバイダ、プロフェッショナル（JNCIP-SP））試験は、サービスプロバイダスペースでJuniper Networks Certified Internet Professionalsの認定を取得することを目指すITプロフェッショナルの知識やスキルを試験するために設計された認定試験です。この試験は、すでにJuniper Networks Certified Internet Associate（JNCIA-SP）認定を取得し、現場での一定の経験がある人を対象としています。
Juniper JN0-664試験は、サービスプロバイダー分野で働きたいプロフェッショナルにとって貴重な認定資格です。これは、Juniper NetworksサービスプロバイダーRoutingおよびSwitching技術に関する知識と専門知識を示し、プロフェッショナルのキャリアアップと収益性を高めることができます。
質問 # 43
Which two statements about IS-IS are correct? (Choose two.)
- A. CSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs.
- B. PSNPs are flooded periodically.
- C. CSNPs are flooded periodically
- D. PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol that uses link-state routing to exchange routing information among routers within a single autonomous system. IS-IS uses two types of packets to synchronize link-state databases among routers: Link State Packets (LSPs) and Partial Sequence Number Packets (PSNPs). LSPs contain information about the state and cost of links in the network, and are flooded periodically throughout the network. PSNPs are used to acknowledge receipt of LSPs and request retransmission of missing or corrupted LSPs. PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs, such as their sequence numbers and checksums3. IS-IS also uses another type of packet called Complete Sequence Number Packets (CSNPs), which are used to summarize the entire link-state database at regular intervals or when a new adjacency is formed. CSNPs are flooded periodically throughout the network and contain only descriptions of LSPs4. Therefore, PSNPs contain only descriptions of LSPs and CSNPs are flooded periodically.
References: 3:
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/routing-policy/topics/concept/routing-policy-is-is-p
4:
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/routing-policy/topics/concept/routing-policy-is-is-c
質問 # 44
Exhibit
Click the Exhibit button-Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct about BGP routes on R3 that are learned from the ISP-A neighbor? (Choose two.)
- A. The next-hop value for these routes is changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3.
- B. The BGP local-preference value that is used by ISP-A is not advertised to R3.
- C. By default, the next-hop value for these routes is not changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3.
- D. All BGP attribute values must be removed before receiving the routes.
正解：B、C
解説：
BGP is an exterior gateway protocol that uses path vector routing to exchange routing information among autonomous systems. BGP uses various attributes to select the best path to each destination and to propagate routing policies. Some of the common BGP attributes are AS path, next hop, local preference, MED, origin, weight, and community. BGP attributes can be classified into four categories: well-known mandatory, well-known discretionary, optional transitive, and optional nontransitive. Well-known mandatory attributes are attributes that must be present in every BGP update message and must be recognized by every BGP speaker.
Well-known discretionary attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message but must be recognized by every BGP speaker. Optional transitive attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message and may or may not be recognized by a BGP speaker. If an optional transitive attribute is not recognized by a BGP speaker, it is passed along to the next BGP speaker. Optional nontransitive attributes are attributes that may or may not be present in a BGP update message and may or may not be recognized by a BGP speaker. If an optional nontransitive attribute is not recognized by a BGP speaker, it is not passed along to the next BGP speaker. In this question, we have four routers (R1, R2, R3, and R4) that are connected in a full mesh topology and running IBGP. R3 receives the 192.168.0.0/16 route from its EBGP neighbor and advertises it to R1 and R4 with different BGP attribute values. We are asked which statements are correct about the BGP routes on R3 that are learned from the ISP-A neighbor. Based on the information given, we can infer that the correct statements are:
By default, the next-hop value for these routes is not changed by ISP-A before being sent to R3. This is because the default behavior of EBGP is to preserve the next-hop attribute of the routes received from another EBGP neighbor. The next-hop attribute indicates the IP address of the router that should be used as the next hop to reach the destination network.
The BGP local-preference value that is used by ISP-A is not advertised to R3. This is because the local-preference attribute is a well-known discretionary attribute that is used to influence the outbound traffic from an autonomous system. The local-preference attribute is only propagated within an autonomous system and is not advertised to external neighbors.
References: : https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13753-25.html :
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13762-40.html :
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/border-gateway-protocol-bgp/13759-37.html
質問 # 45
Exhibit
Referring to the exhibit, which statement is true?
- A. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will only be shared if BGP is configured in the routing instance
- B. The 10.101.1 0/24 route will be shared if there are other VRFs that use the same route target community
- C. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured
- D. The 10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the vrf-table-label parameter is configured.
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The auto-export parameter is a routing option that allows a routing instance to share routes with other routing instances or the master routing table. The auto-export parameter automatically exports routes from one routing instance to another based on the route target communities attached to the routes. In this scenario, the
10.101.1.0/24 route will be shared if the auto-export parameter is configured under [edit routing-options] hierarchy level.
質問 # 46
Which statement is correct about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm?
- A. Tuples with the lowest cost are moved from the tree database to the LSDB.
- B. When a new neighbor ID in the tree database matches a router ID in the LSDB, the neighbor ID is moved to the candidate database
- C. The algorithm will stop processing once the tree database is empty.
- D. The local router moves its own local tuples into the candidate database
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the shortest paths between nodes in a network. The Dijkstra algorithm maintains three data structures: a tree database, a candidate database, and a link-state database (LSDB). The tree database contains the nodes that have been visited and their shortest distances from the source node. The candidate database contains the nodes that have not been visited yet and their tentative distances from the source node. The LSDB contains the topology information of the network, such as the links and their costs.
The Dijkstra algorithm works as follows:
* The local router moves its own local tuples into the tree database. A tuple consists of a node ID, a distance, and a parent node ID. The local router's tuple has a distance of zero and no parent node.
* The local router moves its neighbors' tuples into the candidate database. The neighbors' tuples have distances equal to the costs of the links to them and parent node IDs equal to the local router's node ID.
* The local router selects the tuple with the lowest distance from the candidate database and moves it to the tree database. This tuple becomes the current node.
* The local router updates the distances of the current node's neighbors in the candidate database by adding the current node's distance to the link costs. If a shorter distance is found, the parent node ID is also updated.
* The algorithm repeats steps 3 and 4 until either the destination node is reached or the candidate database is empty.
質問 # 47
By default, which statement is correct about OSPF summary LSAs?
- A. All Type 2 and Type 7 LSAs will be summanzed into a single Type 5 LSA
- B. Type 3 LSAs are advertised for routes in Type 1 LSAs.
- C. The area-range command must be installed on all routers.
- D. The metric associated with a summary route will be equal to the lowest metric associated with an individual contributing route
正解：B
解説：
OSPF uses different types of LSAs to describe different aspects of the network topology. Type 1 LSAs are also known as router LSAs, and they describe the links and interfaces of a router within an area. Type 3 LSAs are also known as summary LSAs, and they describe routes to networks outside an area but within the same autonomous system (AS). By default, OSPF will summarize routes from Type 1 LSAs into Type 3 LSAs when advertising them across area boundaries .
質問 # 48
Which two EVPN route types are used to advertise a multihomed Ethernet segment? (Choose two )
- A. Type 2
- B. Type 4
- C. Type 3
- D. Type 1
正解：B、D
解説：
Explanation
EVPN is a solution that provides Ethernet multipoint services over MPLS networks. EVPN uses BGP to distribute endpoint provisioning information and set up pseudowires between PE devices. EVPN uses different route types to convey different information in the control plane. The following are the main EVPN route types:
* Type 1 - Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route: This route type is used for network-wide messaging and discovery of other PE devices that are part of the same EVPN instance. It also carries information about the redundancy mode and load balancing algorithm of the PE devices.
* Type 2 - MAC/IP Advertisement Route: This route type is used for MAC and IP address learning and advertisement between PE devices. It also carries information about the Ethernet segment identifier (ESI) and the label for forwarding traffic to the MAC or IP address.
* Type 3 - Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route: This route type is used for broadcast, unknown unicast, and multicast (BUM) traffic forwarding. It also carries information about the multicast group and the label for forwarding BUM traffic.
* Type 4 - Ethernet Segment Route: This route type is used for multihoming scenarios, where a CE device is connected to more than one PE device. It also carries information about the ESI and the designated forwarder (DF) election process.
質問 # 49
After a recent power outage, your manager asks you to investigate ways to automatically reduce the impact caused by suboptimal routing in your OSPF and OSPFv3 network after devices reboot.
Which three configuration statements accomplish this task? (Choose three.)
- A. set protocols ospf3 realm ipv4-unicast overload timeout 900
- B. set protocols ospf3 overload
- C. set protocols ospf3 overload timeout 900
- D. set protocols ospf overload
- E. set protocols ospf overload timeout 900
正解：A、C、E
解説：
To reduce the impact of suboptimal routing in OSPF and OSPFv3 after devices reboot, you can use the overload feature to prevent a router from being used as a transit router for a specified period of time. This allows the router to stabilize its routing table before forwarding traffic for other routers. To enable the overload feature, you need to do the following:
For OSPF, configure the overload statement under [edit protocols ospf] hierarchy level. You can also specify a timeout value in seconds to indicate how long the router should remain in overload state after it boots up. For example, set protocols ospf overload timeout 900 means that the router will be in overload state for 15 minutes after it boots up.
For OSPFv3, configure the overload statement under [edit protocols ospf3] hierarchy level. You can also specify a realm (ipv4-unicast or ipv6-unicast) and a timeout value in seconds to indicate how long the router should remain in overload state after it boots up for each realm. For example, set protocols ospf3 realm ipv4-unicast overload timeout 900 means that the router will be in overload state for 15 minutes after it boots up for IPv4 unicast routing.
質問 # 50
Exhibit
You have MAC addresses moving in your EVPN environment
Referring to the exhibit, which two statements are correct about the sequence number? (Choose two)
- A. It helps the local PE to identify the latest advertisement.
- B. It is advertised using a Type 2 message
- C. It resolves conflicting MAC address ownership claims.
- D. It identifies MAC addresses that should be discarded.
正解：A、C
解説：
Explanation
The sequence number is a field in the MAC mobility extended community that is used to resolve conflicting MAC address ownership claims and to help the local PE to identify the latest advertisement. The sequence number is incremented by one for every MAC address mobility event, such as when a host moves from one Ethernet segment to another segment in the EVPN network. The PE device that receives multiple MAC advertisements for the same MAC address chooses the one with the highest sequence number as the most recent and valid advertisement.
質問 # 51
Exhibit
R2 is receiving the same route from R1 and R3. You must ensure that you can load balance traffic for that route.
Referring to the exhibit, which configuration change will allow load balancing?
- A. Apply the prepend policy as an import policy under group R1.
- B. Configure the multipath parameter under the global BGP configuration.
- C. Apply the prepend policy as an import policy under group R3.
- D. Configure the multipath multiple-as parameter under the global BGP configuration.
正解：D
質問 # 52
Exhibit
You are running a service provider network and must transport a customer's IPv6 traffic across your IPv4-based MPLS network using BGP You have already configured mpis ipv6-tunneling on your PE routers.
Which two statements are correct about the BGP configuration in this scenario? (Choose two.)
- A. You must configure family inet6 unicast between PE routers
- B. You must configure family inet6 add-path between PE and CE routers.
- C. You must configure family inet6 labcled-unicast between PE routers.
- D. You must configure family inet6 unicaat between PE and CE routers.
正解：C、D
解説：
Explanation
To transport IPv6 traffic over an IPv4-based MPLS network using BGP, you need to configure two address families: family inet6 labeled-unicast and family inet6 unicast. The former is used to exchange IPv6 routes with MPLS labels between PE routers, and the latter is used to exchange IPv6 routes without labels between PE and CE routers. The mpis ipv6-tunneling command enables the PE routers to encapsulate the IPv6 packets with an MPLS label stack and an IPv4 header before sending them over the MPLS network.
質問 # 53
Exhibit
CE-1 and CE-2 are part of a VPLS called Customer1 No connectivity exists between CE-1 and CE-2. In the process of troubleshooting, you notice PE-1 is not learning any routes for this VPLS from PE-2, and PE-2 is not learning any routes for this VPLS from PE-1.
- A. The route target must match on PE-1 and PE-2.
- B. The instance type should be changed to I2vpn.
- C. The route distinguisher must match on PE-1 and PE-2.
- D. The no-tunnel-services statement should be deleted on both PEs.
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
VPLS is a technology that provides Layer 2 VPN services over an MPLS network. VPLS uses BGP as its control protocol to exchange VPN membership information between PE routers. The route target is a BGP extended community attribute that identifies which VPN a route belongs to. The route target must match on PE routers that participate in the same VPLS instance, otherwise they will not accept or advertise routes for that VPLS.
質問 # 54
Which statement is true regarding BGP FlowSpec?
- A. It uses dynamically created routing policies to protect a network from denial-of-service attacks
- B. It uses a remote triggered black hole to protect a network from a denial-of-service attack.
- C. It is used to protect a network from denial-of-service attacks dynamically
- D. It verifies that the source IP of the incoming packet has a resolvable route in the routing table
正解：A
解説：
BGP FlowSpec is a feature that extends the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to enable routers to exchange traffic flow specifications, allowing for more precise control of network traffic. The BGP FlowSpec feature enables routers to advertise and receive information about specific flows in the network, such as those originating from a particular source or destined for a particular destination. Routers can then use this information to construct traffic filters that allow or deny packets of a certain type, rate limit flows, or perform other actions1. BGP FlowSpec can also help in filtering traffic and taking action against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks by dropping the DDoS traffic or diverting it to an analyzer2. BGP FlowSpec rules are internally converted to equivalent Cisco Common Classification Policy Language (C3PL) representing corresponding match and action parameters2. Therefore, BGP FlowSpec uses dynamically created routing policies to protect a network from denial-of-service attacks.
References: 1: https://www.networkingsignal.com/what-is-bgp-flowspec/ 2:
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/iproute_bgp/configuration/xe-16/irg-xe-16-book/bgp-flowspe
質問 # 55
Exhibit.
Referring to the exhibit; the 10.0.0.0/24 EBGP route is received on R5; however, the route is being hidden.
What are two solutions that will solve this problem? (Choose two.)
- A. On R4, create a policy to change the BGP next hop to itself and apply it to IBGP as an export policy
- B. On R4, create a policy to change the BGP next hop to 172.16.1.1 and apply it to IBGP as an export policy
- C. Add the external interface prefix to the IGP routing tables
- D. Add the internal interface prefix to the BGP routing tables.
正解：A、C
解説：
the default behavior for iBGP is to propagate EBGP-learned prefixes without changing the next-hop. This can cause issues if the next-hop is not reachable via the IGP. One solution is to use the next-hop self command on R4, which will change the next-hop attribute to its own loopback address. This way, R5 can reach the next-hop via the IGP and install the route in its routing table.
Another solution is to add the external interface prefix (120.0.4.16/30) to the IGP routing tables of R4 and R5.
This will also make the next-hop reachable via the IGP and allow R5 to use the route. According to 2, this is a possible workaround for a pure IP network, but it may not work well for an MPLS network.
The reason why the route is being hidden is that R5 cannot reach the BGP next hop 10.0.0.1, which is the address of R1. R5 does not have a route to 10.0.0.0/24 in its routing table, and neither does R4. Therefore, R5 cannot resolve the BGP next hop and marks the route as hidden.
There are two solutions that will solve this problem:
Option A: On R4, create a policy to change the BGP next hop to itself and apply it to IBGP as an export policy. This way, R5 will receive the route with a next hop of 172.16.1.2, which is reachable via the IGP. This solution is also known as next-hop-self1.
Option B: Add the external interface prefix to the IGP routing tables. This way, R4 and R5 will learn a route to 10.0.0.0/24 via the IGP and be able to resolve the BGP next hop. This solution is also known as recursive lookup2.
Option C is not correct because adding the internal interface prefix to the BGP routing tables will not help R5 reach the BGP next hop 10.0.0.1.
Option D is not correct because changing the BGP next hop to 172.16.1.1 on R4 will not help R5 either, since R5 does not have a route to 172.16.1.1 in its routing table.
References: 1: Configuring Next-Hop-Self for IBGP Peers 2: Understanding Recursive Lookup
質問 # 56
Exhibit
R1 and R8 are not receiving each other's routes
Referring to the exhibit, what are three configuration commands that would solve this problem? (Choose three.)
- A. Configure loops and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64497 and AS 64450.
- B. Configure loops on routers in AS 65412 and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64498.
- C. Configure as-override on advertisement from AS 64500 toward AS 64512.
- D. Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64497 toward AS 64498
- E. Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64500 toward AS 64499
正解：B、D、E
解説：
The problem in this scenario is that R1 and R8 are not receiving each other's routes because of private AS numbers in the AS path. Private AS numbers are not globally unique and are not advertised to external BGP peers. To solve this problem, you need to do the following:
Configure loops on routers in AS 65412 and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64498. This allows R5 and R6 to advertise their own AS number (65412) instead of their peer's AS number (64498) when sending updates to R7 and R8. This prevents a loop detection issue that would cause R7 and R8 to reject the routes from R5 and R62.
Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64497 toward AS 64498 and from AS 64500 toward AS 64499. This removes any private AS numbers from the AS path before sending updates to external BGP peers. This allows R2 and R3 to receive the routes from R1 and R4, respectively3.
質問 # 57
Exhibit
R1 and R8 are not receiving each other's routes
Referring to the exhibit, what are three configuration commands that would solve this problem? (Choose three.)
- A. Configure loops and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64497 and AS 64450.
- B. Configure loops on routers in AS 65412 and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64498.
- C. Configure as-override on advertisement from AS 64500 toward AS 64512.
- D. Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64497 toward AS 64498
- E. Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64500 toward AS 64499
正解：B、D、E
解説：
Explanation
The problem in this scenario is that R1 and R8 are not receiving each other's routes because of private AS numbers in the AS path. Private AS numbers are not globally unique and are not advertised to external BGP peers. To solve this problem, you need to do the following:
* Configure loops on routers in AS 65412 and advertise-peer-as on routers in AS 64498. This allows R5 and R6 to advertise their own AS number (65412) instead of their peer's AS number (64498) when sending updates to R7 and R8. This prevents a loop detection issue that would cause R7 and R8 to reject the routes from R5 and R62.
* Configure remove-private on advertisements from AS 64497 toward AS 64498 and from AS 64500 toward AS 64499. This removes any private AS numbers from the AS path before sending updates to external BGP peers. This allows R2 and R3 to receive the routes from R1 and R4, respectively3.
質問 # 58
Exhibit
You want to use both links between R1 and R2 Because of the bandwidth difference between the two links, you must ensure that the links are used as much as possible.
Which action will accomplish this goal?
- A. Enable per-prefix load balancing.
- B. Define a policy to tag routes with the appropriate bandwidth community.
- C. Ensure that the metric-out parameter on the Gigabit Ethernet interface is higher than the 10 Gigibit Ethernet interface.
- D. Disable multipath.
正解：B
解説：
https://www.juniper.net/documentation/us/en/software/junos/sampling-forwarding-monitoring/bgp/topics/concep
質問 # 59
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