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質問 # 118
Based on scenario 5. Socket Inc. decided to use cloud storage to store customers' personal data considering that the identified risks have low likelihood and high impact, is this acceptable?
- A. Yes. because the calculated level of risk is below the acceptable threshold
- B. No, because the impact of the identified risks is considered in he high
- C. No. because the identified risks fall above the risk acceptable criteria threshold
正解：B
質問 # 119
An organization documented each security control that it Implemented by describing their functions in detail.
Is this compliant with ISO/IEC 27001?
- A. No, because the documented information should have a strict format, including the date, version number and author identification
- B. Yes, but documenting each security control and not the process in general will make it difficult to review the documented information
- C. No, the standard requires to document only the operation of processes and controls, so no description of each security control is needed
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.5, an organization is required to maintain documented information to support the operation of its processes and to have confidence that the processes are being carried out as planned. This includes documenting the information security policy, the scope of the ISMS, the risk assessment and treatment methodology, the statement of applicability, the risk treatment plan, the information security objectives, and the results of monitoring, measurement, analysis, evaluation, internal audit, and management review. However, the standard does not specify the level of detail or the format of the documented information, as long as it is suitable for the organization's needs and context. Therefore, documenting each security control that is implemented by describing their functions in detail is not a violation of the standard, but it may not be the most efficient or effective way to document the ISMS. Documenting each security control separately may make it harder to review, update, and communicate the documented information, and may also create unnecessary duplication or inconsistency. A better approach would be to document the processes and activities that involve the use of security controls, and to reference the relevant controls from Annex A or other sources. This way, the documented information would be more aligned with the process approach and the Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle that the standard promotes.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements, clauses 4.3, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 7.5, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, and Annex A ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, 4 and 5
質問 # 120
Levo Corporation has implemented a demilitarized zone (DMZ) and virtual private network (VPN) to secure its network. What controls did Levo Corporation implement in this case?
- A. Detective controls
- B. Preventive controls
- C. Corrective controls
正解：B
質問 # 121
Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.
Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets. To protect customers' information.
Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of duties chart.
However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the team concluded that due to the out-of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic update feature to keep it up to date at all times. Additionally, they established an authentication process that requires a user identification and password when accessing sensitive information.
In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise awareness on the importance of system and network security.
According to scenario 2. Beauty has reviewed all user access rights. What type of control is this?
- A. Corrective and managerial
- B. Legal and technical
- C. Detective and administrative
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, controls can be classified into different types based on their nature and purpose1. Some of the common types of controls are:
Preventive controls: These are controls that aim to prevent or deter the occurrence of a security incident or reduce its likelihood. Examples of preventive controls are encryption, firewalls, locks, policies, etc.
Detective controls: These are controls that aim to detect or discover the occurrence of a security incident or its symptoms. Examples of detective controls are logs, alarms, audits, etc.
Corrective controls: These are controls that aim to correct or restore the normal state of an asset or a process after a security incident or mitigate its impact. Examples of corrective controls are backups, recovery plans, incident response teams, etc.
Administrative controls: These are controls that involve the management and governance of information security, such as policies, procedures, roles, responsibilities, awareness, training, etc.
Technical controls: These are controls that involve the use of technology or software to implement information security, such as encryption, firewalls, anti-malware, authentication, etc.
Physical controls: These are controls that involve the protection of physical assets or locations from unauthorized access, damage, or theft, such as locks, fences, cameras, guards, etc.
Legal controls: These are controls that involve the compliance with laws, regulations, contracts, or agreements related to information security, such as privacy laws, data protection laws, confidentiality agreements, etc.
In this scenario, reviewing all user access rights is a type of detective and administrative control. It is a detective control because it helps to identify any unauthorized or inappropriate access to sensitive information or systems. It is also an administrative control because it involves the definition and enforcement of policies and procedures for granting, revoking, and monitoring user access rights.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection - Information security management systems - Requirements
質問 # 122
Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.
Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible actions to resolve the nonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:
A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were documented.
Based on scenario 9, OpenTech has taken all the actions needed, except____________.
- A. Preventive actions
- B. Corrective actions
- C. Permanent corrections
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, corrective actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of nonconformities and prevent their recurrence, while preventive actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of potential nonconformities and prevent their occurrence. In scenario 9, OpenTech has taken corrective actions to address the nonconformity related to the monitoring procedures, but not preventive actions to avoid similar nonconformities in the future. For example, OpenTech could have taken preventive actions such as conducting regular reviews of the access control policy, providing training and awareness to the staff on the policy, or implementing automated controls to prevent user ID reuse.
質問 # 123
Which tool is used to identify, analyze, and manage interested parties?
- A. The probability/impact matrix
- B. The likelihood/severity matrix
- C. The power/interest matrix
正解：C
質問 # 124
An organization that is implementing the ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001 has defined and communicated secure system architecture and engineering principles. However, there is no documented information related to these principles. Is this acceptable?
- A. Yes, documented information related to secure system architecture and engineering principles is not directly required by the standard
- B. No, documenting secure system architecture and engineering principles is required by the standard
- C. Yes, the standard requires organizations to only communicate secure system architecture and engineering principles
正解：A
質問 # 125
What is the best description of a risk analysis?
- A. A risk analysis calculates the exact financial consequences of damages.
- B. A risk analysis is a method of mapping risks without looking at company processes.
- C. A risk analysis helps to estimate the risks and develop the appropriate security measures.
正解：C
質問 # 126
Scenario 10: NetworkFuse develops, manufactures, and sells network hardware. The company has had an operational information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 requirements and a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001 for approximately two years. Recently, it has applied for a j^ombined certification audit in order to obtain certification against ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO 9001.
After selecting the certification body, NetworkFuse prepared the employees for the audit The company decided to not conduct a self-evaluation before the audit since, according to the top management, it was not necessary. In addition, it ensured the availability of documented information, including internal audit reports and management reviews, technologies in place, and the general operations of the ISMS and the QMS.
However, the company requested from the certification body that the documentation could not be carried off-site However, the audit was not performed within the scheduled days because NetworkFuse rejected the audit team leader assigned and requested their replacement The company asserted that the same audit team leader issued a recommendation for certification to its main competitor, which, for the company's top management, was a potential conflict of interest. The request was not accepted by the certification body NetworkFuse should_________________to ensure that employees are prepared for the audit. Refer to scenario
10.
- A. Conduct practice interviews
- B. Select a certification body that provides combined audits
- C. Observe the technologies used
正解：A
解説：
One of the ways to prepare employees for an ISO/IEC 27001 audit is to conduct practice interviews with them.
This can help them to familiarize themselves with the audit process, the types of questions they might be asked, and the evidence they need to provide to demonstrate compliance with the standard. Practice interviews can also help employees to identify any gaps or weaknesses in their knowledge or performance, and to address them before the actual audit. Practice interviews can be conducted by internal auditors, managers, or consultants, and should cover the relevant scope, objectives, and criteria of the audit. (From the PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course Manual, page 113) References:
* PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course Manual, page 113
* PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 10
* 5 Step Plan: How to Prepare for an ISO 27001 Certification Audit
質問 # 127
Scenario 9:
OpenTech, headquartered in San Francisco, specializes in information and communication technology (ICT) solutions. Its clientele primarily includes data communication enterprises and network operators. The company's core objective is to enable its clients to transition smoothly into multi-service providers, aligning their operations with the complex demands of the digital landscape.
Recently, Tim, the internal auditor of OpenTech, conducted an internal audit that uncovered nonconformities related to their monitoring procedures and system vulnerabilities. In response to these nonconformities, OpenTech decided to employ a comprehensive problem-solving approach to address the issues systematically.
This method encompasses a team-oriented approach, aiming to identify, correct, and eliminate the root causes of the issues. The approach involves several steps: First, establish a group of experts with deep knowledge of processes and controls. Next, break down the nonconformity into measurable components and implement interim containment measures. Then, identify potential root causes and select and verify permanent corrective actions. Finally, put those actions into practice, validate them, take steps to prevent recurrence, and recognize and acknowledge the team's efforts.
Following the analysis of the root causes of the nonconformities, OpenTech's ISMS project manager, Julia, developed a list of potential actions to address the identified nonconformities. Julia carefully evaluated the list to ensure that each action would effectively eliminate the root cause of the respective nonconformity. While assessing potential corrective actions, Julia identified one issue as significant and assessed a high likelihood of its recurrence. Consequently, she chose to implement temporary corrective actions. Julia then combined all the nonconformities into a single action plan and sought approval from top management. The submitted action plan was written as follows:
"A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department." However, Julia's submitted action plan was not approved by top management. The reason cited was that a general action plan meant to address all nonconformities was deemed unacceptable. Consequently, Julia revised the action plan and submitted separate ones for approval. Unfortunately, Julia did not adhere to the organization's specified deadline for submission, resulting in a delay in the corrective action process.
Additionally, the revised action plans lacked a defined schedule for execution.
Did OpenTech have a plan in place to implement permanent corrective action to address the identified nonconformities?
- A. No, OpenTech decided not to pursue this course of action
- B. Yes, OpenTech had a comprehensive plan in place to implement permanent corrective actions
- C. No, OpenTech did not have a clear plan to implement a permanent corrective action
正解：C
質問 # 128
Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.
Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible actions to resolve the nonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:
A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were documented.
Based on scenario 9. did the ISMS project manager complete the corrective action process appropriately?
- A. Yes, the corrective action process should include the identification of the nonconformity, situation analysis, and implementation of corrective actions
- B. No, the corrective action process should also include the review of the implementation of the selected actions
- C. No, the corrective action did not address the root cause of the nonconformity
正解：B
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, the corrective action process consists of the following steps12:
* Reacting to the nonconformity and, as applicable, taking action to control and correct it and deal with the consequences
* Evaluating the need for action to eliminate the root cause(s) of the nonconformity, in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere
* Implementing the action needed
* Reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective action taken
* Making changes to the information security management system, if necessary In scenario 9, the ISMS project manager did not complete the last step of reviewing the effectiveness of the corrective action taken. This step is important to verify that the corrective action has achieved the intended results and that no adverse effects have been introduced. The review can be done by using various methods, such as audits, tests, inspections, or performance indicators3. Therefore, the ISMS project manager did not complete the corrective action process appropriately.
質問 # 129
In scenario 1, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the loss of functionality of the software. Which principle of information security has been affected in this case?
- A. Confidentiality
- B. Integrity
- C. Availability
正解：C
質問 # 130
What risk treatment option has Company A implemented if it has required from its employees the change of email passwords at least once every 60 days?
- A. Risk avoidance
- B. Risk modification
- C. Risk retention
正解：B
質問 # 131
Question:
Whom should an organization interview to obtain information regarding information security risks in their respective fields?
- A. All interested parties' members, whether they are experts or not
- B. Employees involved in information security activities and tasks only
- C. Experts who are directly responsible for information security only
正解：A
解説：
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Clause 4.2 -Understanding the needs and expectations of interested partiesstates:
"The organization shall determine:
a) interested parties that are relevant to the ISMS;
b) the relevant requirements of these interested parties."
Risk identification must incorporate input fromall relevant stakeholders, including but not limited to experts.
In fact,ISO/IEC 27005:2022emphasizesstakeholder engagementin risk assessments to improve understanding of risk context and ensure comprehensive input.
質問 # 132
Which statement is an example of risk retention?
- A. An organization has implemented a data loss protection software
- B. An organization has decided to release the software even though some minor bugs have not been fixed yet
- C. An organization terminates work in the construction site during a severe storm
正解：B
質問 # 133
Which tool is used to identify, analyze, and manage interested parties?
- A. The probability/impact matrix
- B. The likelihood/severity matrix
- C. The power/interest matrix
正解：C
解説：
The power/interest matrix is a tool that can be used to identify, analyze, and manage interested parties according to ISO/IEC 27001:2022. The power/interest matrix is a two-dimensional diagram that plots the level of power and interest of each interested party in relation to the organization's information security objectives. The power/interest matrix can help the organization to prioritize the interested parties, understand their expectations and needs, and develop appropriate communication and engagement strategies. The power
/interest matrix can also help the organization to identify potential risks and opportunities related to the interested parties.
質問 # 134
Based on scenario 4, the fact that TradeB defined the level of risk based on three nonnumerical categories indicates that;
- A. The level of risk will be evaluated using quantitative analysis
- B. The level of risk will be defined using a formula
- C. The level of risk will be evaluated against qualitative criteria
正解：C
質問 # 135
An organization has adopted a new authentication method to ensure secure access to sensitive areas and facilities of the company. It requires every employee to use a two-factor authentication (password and QR code). This control has been documented, standardized, and communicated to all employees, however its use has been "left to individual initiative, and it is likely that failures can be detected. Which level of maturity does this control refer to?
- A. Quantitatively managed
- B. Defined
- C. Optimized
正解：B
解説：
According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, the maturity levels of information security controls are based on the ISO/IEC 15504standard, which defines five levels of process capability: incomplete, performed, managed, established, and optimized1. Each level has a set of attributes that describe the characteristics of the process at that level. The level of defined corresponds to the attribute of process performance, which means that the process achieves its expected outcomes2. In this case, the control of two-factor authentication has been documented, standardized, and communicated, which implies that it has a clear purpose and expected outcomes. However, the control is not consistently implemented, monitored, or measured, which means that it does not meet the attributes of the higher levels of managed, established, or optimized. Therefore, the control is at the level of defined, which is the second level of maturity.
References:
* 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Brochure, page 5
* 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Presentation, slide 25
質問 # 136
It is allowed that employees and contractors are provided with an anonymous reporting channel to report violations of information security policies or procedures ("whistle blowing")
- A. False
- B. True
正解：B
質問 # 137
A company decided to use an algorithm that analyzes various attributes of customer behavior, such as browsing patterns and demographics, and groups customers based on their similar characteristics. This way. the company will be able to identify frequent buyers and trend-followers, among others. What type of machine learning this the company using?
- A. Unsupervised machine learning
- B. Decision tree machine learning
- C. Supervised machine learning
正解：A
解説：
According to the ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer course, one of the objectives of information security incident management is to collect and preserve records that can be used as evidence for disciplinary and legal action, as well as for learning and improvement purposes1. Therefore, Anna should be aware of the collection and preservation of records when gathering data for the forensics team. She should follow the guidelines and procedures specified in the information security incident management policy of InfoSec, which defines the type, format, content, and location of the records to be created and maintained2. The records should be accurate, complete, consistent, and reliable, and should be protected from unauthorized access, modification, or deletion3.
質問 # 138
An organization has implemented a control that enables the company to manage storage media through their life cycle of use. acquisition, transportation and disposal. Which control category does this control belong to?
- A. Technological
- B. Physical
- C. Organizational
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, the control that enables the organization to manage storage media through their life cycle of use, acquisition, transportation and disposal belongs to the category of physical and environmental security. This category covers the controls that prevent unauthorized physical access, damage and interference to the organization's information and information processing facilities. The specific control objective for this control is A.11.2.7 Secure disposal or reuse of equipment1, which states that "equipment containing storage media shall be checked to ensure that any sensitive data and licensed software has been removed or securely overwritten prior to disposal or reuse."2 References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Annex A
ISO/IEC 27002:2022, clause 11.2.7
質問 # 139
Kyte. a company that has an online shopping website, has added a Q&A section to its website; however, its Customer Service Department almost never provides answers to users' questions. Which principle of an effective communication strategy has Kyte not followed?
- A. Responsiveness
- B. Appropriateness
- C. Clarity
正解：B
解説：
In the scenario described, Kyte's failure to provide answers to users' questions in the Q&A section of its online shopping website demonstrates a lack of responsiveness. Responsiveness is a key principle of an effective communication strategy, especially in customer service. It involves timely and appropriate reactions to inquiries and feedback, ensuring that customers' concerns and queries are addressed promptly. By not responding, Kyte is not adhering to this principle, potentially affecting customer satisfaction and trust.
質問 # 140
Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.
Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible actions to resolve the nonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:
A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were documented.
Based on scenario 9, OpenTech has taken all the actions needed, except____________.
- A. Preventive actions
- B. Corrective actions
- C. Permanent corrections
正解：A
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, corrective actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of nonconformities and prevent their recurrence, while preventive actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of potential nonconformities and prevent their occurrence. In scenario 9, OpenTech has taken corrective actions to address the nonconformity related to the monitoring procedures, but not preventive actions to avoid similar nonconformities in the future. For example, OpenTech could have taken preventive actions such as conducting regular reviews of the access control policy, providing training and awareness to the staff on the policy, or implementing automated controls to prevent user ID reuse.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 10.1
* PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8: Performance evaluation, improvement and certification audit of an ISMS, slide 8.3.1.1
質問 # 141
......
PECB認定ISO/IEC 27001リード実装者になるには、候補者はISO/IEC 27001の主要な概念、原則、および要件の理解と、ISMを効果的に実装および管理する能力を実証する必要があります。認定試験では、リスク評価と管理、セキュリティ管理、ドキュメント管理、ISMの継続的な改善などのトピックをカバーしています。
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