リリースECCouncil 212-82更新された問題PDF
212-82問題集と練習テスト（163試験問題)
ECCouncilの212-82認定試験、または認定サイバーセキュリティテクニシャン試験は、サイバーセキュリティ分野で高く評価される認定資格です。この試験は、サイバーセキュリティの脅威を特定、評価、緩和し、サイバーセキュリティソリューションを実装、維持するために必要な知識とスキルを試験するために設計されています。この認定資格は、ネットワーク管理者、セキュリティアナリスト、ITマネージャーなど、情報システムやネットワークのセキュリティに責任を持つITプロフェッショナルを対象としています。
質問 # 21
Nicolas, a computer science student, decided to create a guest OS on his laptop for different lab operations. He adopted a virtualization approach in which the guest OS will not be aware that it is running in a virtualized environment. The virtual machine manager (VMM) will directly interact with the computer hardware, translate commands to binary instructions, and forward them to the host OS.
Which of the following virtualization approaches has Nicolas adopted in the above scenario?
- A. Full virtualization
- B. Hybrid virtualization
- C. OS-assisted virtualization
- D. Hardware-assisted virtualization
正解：D
解説：
Hardware-assisted virtualization is a virtualization approach in which the guest OS will not be aware that it is running in a virtualized environment. The virtual machine manager (VMM) will directly interact with the computer hardware, translate commands to binary instructions, and forward them to the host OS. Hardware-assisted virtualization relies on special hardware features in the CPU and chipset to create and manage virtual machines efficiently and securely34. Full virtualization is a virtualization approach in which the guest OS will not be aware that it is running in a virtualized environment, but the VMM will run in software and emulate all the hardware resources for each virtual machine5. Hybrid virtualization is a virtualization approach that combines hardware-assisted and full virtualization techniques to optimize performance and compatibility6. OS-assisted virtualization is a virtualization approach in which the guest OS will be modified to run in a virtualized environment and cooperate with the VMM to access the hardware resources
質問 # 22
Ryleigh, a system administrator, was instructed to perform a full back up of organizational data on a regular basis. For this purpose, she used a backup technique on a fixed date when the employees are not accessing the system i.e., when a service-level down time is allowed a full backup is taken.
Identify the backup technique utilized by Ryleigh in the above scenario.
- A. Nearline backup
- B. Cold backup
- C. Hot backup
- D. Warm backup
正解：B
質問 # 23
Richard, a professional hacker, was hired by a marketer to gather sensitive data and information about the offline activities of users from location data. Richard employed a technique to determine the proximity of a user's mobile device to an exact location using CPS features. Using this technique. Richard placed a virtual barrier positioned at a static location to interact with mobile users crossing the barrier, identify the technique employed by Richard in this scenario.
- A. Containerization
- B. Full device encryption
- C. Over-the-air (OTA) updates
- D. Ceofencing
正解：D
解説：
Geofencing is a technique that uses GPS features to determine the proximity of a user's mobile device to an exact location. Geofencing can be used to create a virtual barrier positioned at a static location to interact with mobile users crossing the barrier. Geofencing can be used for marketing, security, and tracking purposes2.
References: What is Geofencing?
質問 # 24
Gideon, a forensic officer, was examining a victim's Linux system suspected to be involved in online criminal activities. Gideon navigated to a directory containing a log file that recorded information related to user login/logout. This information helped Gideon to determine the current login state of cyber criminals in the victim system, identify the Linux log file accessed by Gideon in this scenario.
- A. /va r/l og /mysq Id. log
- B. /va r/l og /wt m p
- C. /var/log/httpd/
- D. /ar/log/boot.iog
正解：B
解説：
/var/log/wtmp is the Linux log file accessed by Gideon in this scenario. /var/log/wtmp is a log file that records information related to user login/logout, such as username, terminal, IP address, and login time. /var/log/wtmp can be used to determine the current login state of users in a Linux system. /var/log/wtmp can be viewed using commands such as last, lastb, or utmpdump1.
質問 # 25
An loT device placed in a hospital for safety measures has sent an alert to the server. The network traffic has been captured and stored in the Documents folder of the "Attacker Machine-1". Analyze the loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng file and identify the command the loT device sent over the network. (Practical Question)
- A. Temp_High
- B. Low_Tem p e
- C. Tempe_Low
- D. High_Tcmpe
正解：A
解説：
The loT device sent the command Temp_High over the network, which indicates that the temperature in the hospital was above the threshold level. This can be verified by analyzing the loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng file using a network protocol analyzer tool such as Wireshark4. The command Temp_High can be seen in the data field of the UDP packet sent from the loT device (192.168.0.10) to the server (192.168.0.1) at 12:00:03. The screenshot below shows the packet details5: Reference: Wireshark User's Guide, [loTdeviceTraffic.pcapng]
質問 # 26
Ryleigh, a system administrator, was instructed to perform a full back up of organizational data on a regular basis. For this purpose, she used a backup technique on a fixed date when the employees are not accessing the system i.e., when a service-level down time is allowed a full backup is taken.
Identify the backup technique utilized by Ryleigh in the above scenario.
- A. Nearline backup
- B. Cold backup
- C. Hot backup
- D. Warm backup
正解：B
解説：
Cold backup is the backup technique utilized by Ryleigh in the above scenario. Cold backup is a backup technique that involves taking a full backup of data when the system or database is offline or shut down. Cold backup ensures that the data is consistent and not corrupted by any ongoing transactions or operations. Cold backup is usually performed on a fixed date or time when the service-level downtime is allowed or scheduled .
Nearline backup is a backup technique that involves storing data on a medium that is not immediately accessible, but can be retrieved within a short time. Hot backup is a backup technique that involves taking a backup of data while the system or database is online or running. Warm backup is a backup technique that involves taking a backup of data while the system or database is partially online or running.
質問 # 27
The incident handling and response (IH&R) team of an organization was handling a recent cyberattack on the organization's web server. Fernando, a member of the IH&P team, was tasked with eliminating the root cause of the incident and closing all attack vectors to prevent similar incidents in future. For this purpose. Fernando applied the latest patches to the web server and installed the latest security mechanisms on it. Identify the IH&R step performed by Fernando in this scenario.
- A. Notification
- B. Recovery
- C. Eradication
- D. Containment
正解：C
解説：
Eradication is the IH&R step performed by Fernando in this scenario. Eradication is a step in IH&R that involves eliminating the root cause of the incident and closing all attack vectors to prevent similar incidents in future. Eradication can include applying patches, installing security mechanisms, removing malware, restoring backups, or reformatting systems.
References: [Eradication Step in IH&R]
質問 # 28
Stella purchased a smartwatch online using her debit card. After making payment for the product through the payment gateway, she received a transaction text message with a deducted and available balance from her bank.
Identify the information security element that ensures that Stella's transaction status is immediately reflected in her bank account in this scenario.
- A. Confidentiality
- B. Availability
- C. Non-repudiation
- D. Integrity
正解：B
解説：
Availability is the information security element that ensures that Stella's transaction status is immediately reflected in her bank account in this scenario. Information security is the practice of protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. Information security can be based on three fundamental principles: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Confidentiality is the principle that ensures that information is accessible only to authorized parties and not disclosed to unauthorized parties. Integrity is the principle that ensures that information is accurate, complete, and consistent and not altered or corrupted by unauthorized parties. Availability is the principle that ensures that information and information systems are accessible and usable by authorized parties when needed. In the scenario, Stella purchased a smartwatch online using her debit card. After making payment for the product through the payment gateway, she received a transaction text message with a deducted and available balance from her bank. This means that her transaction status was immediately reflected in her bank account, which indicates that availability was ensured by her bank's information system.
質問 # 29
In an organization, all the servers and database systems are guarded in a sealed room with a single-entry point. The entrance is protected with a physical lock system that requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs.
Which of the following types of physical locks is used by the organization in the above scenario?
- A. Mechanical locks
- B. Electromagnetic locks
- C. Digital locks
- D. Combination locks
正解：D
解説：
It identifies the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A physical lock is a device that prevents unauthorized access to a door, gate, cabinet, or other enclosure by using a mechanism that requires a key, code, or biometric factor to open or close it. There are different types of physical locks, such as:
Combination lock: This type of lock requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs. This type of lock is suitable for securing safes, lockers, or cabinets that store valuable items or documents.
Digital lock: This type of lock requires entering a numeric or alphanumeric code by using a keypad or touchscreen. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require frequent access or multiple users.
Mechanical lock: This type of lock requires inserting and turning a metal key that matches the shape and size of the lock. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require simple and reliable access or single users.
Electromagnetic lock: This type of lock requires applying an electric current to a magnet that attracts a metal plate attached to the door or gate. This type of lock is suitable for securing doors or gates that require remote control or integration with other security systems.
In the above scenario, the organization used a combination lock that requires typing a sequence of numbers and letters by using a rotating dial that intermingles with several other rotating discs. Option A is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A digital lock requires entering a numeric or alphanumeric code by using a keypad or touchscreen. In the above scenario, the organization did not use a digital lock, but a combination lock. Option C is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. A mechanical lock requires inserting and turning a metal key that matches the shape and size of the lock. In the above scenario, the organization did not use a mechanical lock, but a combination lock. Option D is incorrect, as it does not identify the type of physical lock used by the organization in the above scenario. An electromagnetic lock requires applying an electric current to a magnet that attracts a metal plate attached to the door or gate. In the above scenario, the organization did not use an electromagnetic lock, but a combination lock. Reference: , Section 7.2
質問 # 30
NovusCorp, a leading healthcare provider, had meticulously designed its BC and DR plans, ensuring every potential risk was covered. Recently, its primary data center experienced a catastrophic flood. It swiftly activated its DR plan, transferring operations to its secondary data center. But within 24 hours, the provider faced an unforeseen challenge: the secondary data center began to receive a huge, unprecedented amount of data requests, causing system overloads and disruptions. This situation was not a part of the provider's initial risk assessment. In the face of this predicament, what should NovusCorp's immediate course of action be to ensure business continuity?
- A. Reduce non-critical data requests and impose temporary restrictions on data access to maintain system stability.
- B. Initiate an immediate Tailback to the primary data center despite potential risks.
- C. Allocate resources to upgrade the secondary data center's infrastructure to handle the increased data request loads.
- D. Engage a cloud based data storage provider for temporary overflow until the primary center is restored.
正解：D
解説：
* Engaging a cloud-based data storage provider allows NovusCorp to manage the sudden influx of data requests without overloading the secondary data center. Cloud providers can quickly scale resources to meet demand.
質問 # 31
Giovanni, a system administrator, was tasked with configuring permissions for employees working on a new project. Hit organization used active directories (ADs) to grant/deny permissions to resources Giovanni created a folder for AD users with the required permissions and added all employees working on the new project in it. Identify the type of account created by Giovanni in this scenario.
- A. Shared account
- B. Third-party account
- C. Application account
- D. Croup-based account
正解：D
解説：
Group-based account is the type of account created by Giovanni in this scenario. An account is a set of credentials, such as a username and a password, that allows a user to access a system or network. An account can have different types based on its purpose or usage. A group-based account is a type of account that allows multiple users to access a system or network with the same credentials and permissions. A group-based account can be used to simplify the management of users and resources by assigning them to groups based on their roles or functions. In the scenario, Giovanni was tasked with configuring permissions for employees working on a new project. His organization used active directories (ADs) to grant/deny permissions to resources. Giovanni created a folder for AD users with the required permissions and added all employees working on the new project in it. This means that he created a group-based account for those employees. A third-party account is a type of account that allows an external entity or service to access a system or network with limited permissions or scope. A shared account is a type of account that allows multiple users to access a system or network with the same credentials but different permissions. An application account is a type of account that allows an application or software to access a system or network with specific permissions or functions.
質問 # 32
Omar, an encryption specialist in an organization, was tasked with protecting low-complexity applications such as RFID tags, sensor-based applications, and other IbT-based applications. For this purpose, he employed an algorithm for all lower-powered devices that used less power and resources without compromising device security.
identify the algorithm employed by Omar in this scenario.
- A. Lightweight cryptography
- B. Homomorphic encryption
- C. Quantum cryptography
- D. Elliptic curve cryptography
正解：A
解説：
Lightweight cryptography is an algorithm that is designed for low-complexity applications such as RFID tags, sensor-based applications, and other IoT-based applications. Lightweight cryptography uses less power and resources without compromising device security. Lightweight cryptography can be implemented using symmetric-key algorithms, asymmetric-key algorithms, or hash functions1.
References: Lightweight Cryptography
質問 # 33
Hotel Grande offers luxury accommodations and emphasizes top-notch service for its guests. One such service is secure, high-speed Wi-FI access In every room. The hotel wishes to deploy an authentication method that would give individual guests a seamless experience without compromising security. This method should ideally provide a balance between convenience and strong security. Which of the following should Hotel Grande use?
- A. Open Authentication
- B. PSK (Pre-Shared Key)
- C. EAP-TLS (Extensible Authentication Protocol-Transport Layer Security)
- D. MAC address filtering
正解：C
解説：
* Strong Security:
* EAP-TLS provides strong security by using certificate-based authentication. This ensures that both the client and server are authenticated before a connection is established.
質問 # 34
An MNC hired Brandon, a network defender, to establish secured VPN communication between the company's remote offices. For this purpose, Brandon employed a VPN topology where all the remote offices communicate with the corporate office but communication between the remote offices is denied.
Identify the VPN topology employed by Brandon in the above scenario.
- A. Hub-and-Spoke VPN topology
- B. Full-mesh VPN topology
- C. Star topology
- D. Point-to-Point VPN topology
正解：A
解説：
A hub-and-spoke VPN topology is a type of VPN topology where all the remote offices communicate with the corporate office, but communication between the remote offices is denied. The corporate office acts as the hub, and the remote offices act as the spokes. This topology reduces the number of VPN tunnels required and simplifies the management of VPN policies. A point-to-point VPN topology is a type of VPN topology where two endpoints establish a direct VPN connection. A star topology is a type of VPN topology where one endpoint acts as the central node and connects to multiple other endpoints. A full-mesh VPN topology is a type of VPN topology where every endpoint connects to every other endpoint.
質問 # 35
CyberX, an acclaimed cybersecurity firm with a diverse clientele ranging from financial institutions to healthcare providers, has been approached by NexusCorp. NexusCorp, a global supply chain giant, seeks assistance in drafting a new security policy after a series of cyber-attacks that highlighted vulnerabilities in its existing protocols. While NexusCorp uses state-of-the-art technology, its security policies have not kept pace.
It needs a policy that acknowledges its complex organizational structure, vast geographic spread, and diversity in employee tech proficiency.
Which should be CyberX's primary consideration in this scenario?
- A. Stakeholder involvement in policy formulation.
- B. Emphasis on stringent password policies.
- C. Use of the latest encryption algorithms.
- D. Regular update schedules for software and hardware components.
正解：A
解説：
* Inclusion of Diverse Perspectives:
* Involving stakeholders in policy formulation ensures that the security policy considers the diverse needs and perspectives of different departments and employees across NexusCorp's complex organizational structure.
質問 # 36
Henry Is a cyber security specialist hired by BlackEye - Cyber security solutions. He was tasked with discovering the operating system (OS) of a host. He used the Unkornscan tool to discover the OS of the target system. As a result, he obtained a TTL value, which Indicates that the target system is running a Windows OS.
Identify the TTL value Henry obtained, which indicates that the target OS is Windows.
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
正解：D
解説：
128 is the TTL value that Henry obtained, which indicates that the target OS is Windows. TTL (Time to Live) is a field in the IP (Internet Protocol) header that specifies how long a packet can remain in a network before it is discarded or dropped. TTL is usually expressed in seconds or hops (the number of routers or gateways that a packet passes through). TTL is used to prevent packets from looping endlessly in a network or consuming network resources . Different operating systems have different default TTL values for their packets. By observing the TTL value of a packet from a target system or network, one can infer the operating system of the target . Some common TTL values and their corresponding operating systems are:
* 64: Linux, Unix, Android
* 128: Windows
* 255: Cisco IOS
* 60: Mac OS
In the scenario, Henry used Nmap tool to discover the OS of the target system. Nmap (Network Mapper) is a tool that can perform various network scanning and enumerationtasks, such as port scanning, OS detection, service identification, etc . Nmap can use various techniques to detect the OS of a target system, such as TCP/IP fingerprinting, which involves analyzing various TCP/IP characteristics of packets from the target system, such as TTL value. In the scenario, Henry obtained a TTL value of 128 , which indicates that the target OS is Windows.
質問 # 37
Leilani, a network specialist at an organization, employed Wireshark for observing network traffic. Leilani navigated to the Wireshark menu icon that contains items to manipulate, display and apply filters, enable, or disable the dissection of protocols, and configure user-specified decodes.
Identify the Wireshark menu Leilani has navigated in the above scenario.
- A. Main toolbar
- B. Analyze
- C. Capture
- D. Statistics
正解：C
解説：
Capture is the Wireshark menu that Leilani has navigated in the above scenario. Wireshark is a network analysis tool that captures and displays network traffic in real-time or from saved files. Wireshark has various menus that contain different items and options for manipulating, displaying, and analyzing network data.
Capture is the Wireshark menu that contains items to start, stop, restart, or save a live capture of network traffic. Capture also contains items to configure capture filters, interfaces, options, and preferences . Statistics is the Wireshark menu that contains items to display various statistics and graphs of network traffic, such as packet lengths, protocols, endpoints, conversations, etc. Main toolbar is the Wireshark toolbar that contains icons for quick access to common functions, such as opening or saving files, starting or stopping a capture, applying display filters, etc. Analyze is the Wireshark menu that contains items to manipulate, display and apply filters, enable or disable the dissection of protocols, and configure user-specified decodes.
質問 # 38
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