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SAFe-DevOps問題集完全版問題で試験学習ガイド
質問 # 13
Continuous Deployment enables which key business objective?
- A. Manage technical debt
- B. Business value
- C. Time-to-market
- D. Release continuously
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, continuous deployment enables release continuously. Continuous deployment is an aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline that automates the migration of new functionality from a staging environment to production, where it is made available for release. Continuous deployment allows teams to deploy small, incremental changes to production continually, enabling them to respond to market opportunities with the highest possible value in the shortest sustainable lead time. Continuous deployment also helps teams to reduce the risk of deploying faulty or incomplete code, as well as to optimize the performance and resource consumption of the system. Therefore, continuous deployment enables release continuously, which is a key business objective for delivering value to customers faster and more reliably.
質問 # 14
Value flows through which aspect in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Research
- B. Develop
- C. Monitor
- D. Continuous Integration
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide and handbook, value flows through Continuous Integration in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. This aspect involves merging code changes from multiple developers into a shared repository and running automated tests to ensure quality and functionality. The handbook states that "Continuous Integration is the process of merging code changes from multiple developers into a shared repository and running automated tests to ensure quality and functionality."1 Therefore, Continuous Integration enables teams to deliver value faster and more reliably by reducing integration errors and conflicts.
質問 # 15
What is true about the Boundaries and Limitations portion of the DevOps Transformation Canvas?
Choose the correct options from below list
- A. It captures budget constraints that will prevent DevOps improvements
- B. It captures improvement items that require the support of other people or teams
- C. It captures the people who need to be involved in the DevOps transformation
- D. It captures the lowest priority improvement items
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
The Boundaries and Limitations portion of the DevOps Transformation Canvas is used to capture improvement items that require the support of other people or teams. These are items that are outside the scope or control of the current team or value stream, but are necessary for achieving the DevOps vision and goals. They help to identify dependencies, risks, and stakeholders that need to be engaged or aligned
質問 # 16
The Continuous Exploration aspect primarily supports which key stakeholder objective?
- A. Alignment
- B. Hypothesize
- C. Business value
- D. Research and development
正解：A
解説：
Explanation
The Continuous Exploration aspect in SAFe primarily supports the key stakeholder objective of aligning business and technology. This phase focuses on exploring market needs and defining solutions that deliver the most significant customer and business value within the constraints of technology and feasibility. It helps ensure that the development efforts are in sync with business goals and market demands, thereby fostering alignment between various stakeholders..
質問 # 17
What can impede the progress of a DevOps transformation the most?
- A. When there is no DevOps team
- B. Lack of funding for CI/CD pipeline tools
- C. When various groups in the organization have different directions and goals
- D. When teams use frequent retrospectives
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, one of the main challenges of a DevOps transformation is when various groups in the organization have different directions and goals. This can create silos, conflicts, and inefficiencies that hinder the collaboration and integration needed for continuous delivery.
For example, some groups may prioritize speed over quality, while others may prioritize security over innovation. Some groups may resist change and adopt outdated practices, while others may embrace new technologies and methodologies. These differences can lead to misalignment, duplication, and waste of resources that slow down the delivery pipeline and reduce the value to customers. Therefore, having a common vision, culture, and set of technical practices that support the SAFe CALMR approach to DevOps is essential for overcoming this challenge.
質問 # 18
Weighted shortest job first is applied to backlogs to identify what?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. Proxy for job size
- B. Maximum economic value
- C. Epics, Features, and Capabilities
- D. User business value
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Weighted Shortest Job First (WSJF) is a prioritization model used to sequence work for maximum economic benefit. In SAFe, WSJF is estimated as the relative cost of delay divided by the relative job duration. In a flow-based system, priorities must be continuously updated to provide the best economic outcomes. In other words, job sequencing produces the best results rather than prioritization based on a theoretical return on investment for each job. To that end, SAFe applies WSJF to prioritize backlogs. Backlogs are continuously prioritized based on a WSJF algorithm that uses relative user and business value, time criticality, risk reduction and/or opportunity enablement, and job size. WSJF also conveniently and automatically ignores sunk costs, a fundamental principle of Lean economics
質問 # 19
Which DevOps principle focuses on identifying and eliminating bottlenecks in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Measurement
- B. Automation
- C. Recovery
- D. Lean flow
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
Lean flow is the DevOps principle that focuses on identifying and eliminating bottlenecks in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. Lean flow is the application of Lean thinking and principles to optimize the flow of value from ideation to delivery. Lean flow aims to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and deliver value faster and more reliably. Lean flow involves the following practices:
Reducing batch size - Breaking down large batches of work into smaller, more manageable pieces that can be delivered more frequently and with less risk.
Limiting work in progress (WIP) - Restricting the amount of work that can be started or in flight at any given time, to avoid overloading the system and creating queues and delays.
Implementing pull systems - Aligning the production and consumption of work by allowing downstream customers to pull work from upstream suppliers when they are ready, rather than pushing work based on forecasts or schedules.
Managing queue lengths - Monitoring and controlling the amount of work waiting to be processed at each stage of the value stream, to reduce lead time and variability.
Reducing handoffs - Minimizing the number of transitions and dependencies between different teams or individuals, to avoid communication gaps, context switching, and rework.
Implementing Work in Process (WIP) visualization - Making the work and its status visible to all stakeholders, using tools such as Kanban boards, Cumulative Flow Diagrams (CFDs), and Value Stream Maps (VSMs), to enable collaboration, coordination, and improvement.
Implementing Work in Process (WIP) feedback - Establishing fast and frequent feedback loops within and across the value stream, using tools such as automated testing, monitoring, and metrics, to detect and resolve issues, validate assumptions, and learn from outcomes3
質問 # 20
What is the primary goal of the Stabilize activity?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. To enhance stability with blue/green deployment
- B. To establish quality-of-service agreements with customers
- C. To avoid unplanned outages and security breaches
- D. To achieve active-active site replication
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
The primary goal of the Stabilize activity is to avoid unplanned outages and security breaches. The Stabilize activity is part of the Release on Demand aspect of the CDP in SAFe DevOps, which ensures the solution is working well from a functional and nonfunctional requirements (NFR) perspective. The Stabilize activity involves practices such as monitoring, logging, alerting, incident response, and disaster recovery. These practices help to detect and resolve issues quickly, minimize the impact of failures, and restore normal operations as soon as possible
質問 # 21
Why is hypothesis evaluation important when analyzing data from monitoring systems in the Release on Demand aspect?
- A. It helps quickly create balanced scorecards for stakeholder review
- B. It helps link objective production data to the hypothesis being tested
- C. It helps define the minimum viable product (MVP)
- D. It helps operations teams know where to apply emergency fixes
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, hypothesis evaluation is important when analyzing data from monitoring systems in the Release on Demand aspect because it helps link objective production data to the hypothesis being tested. Hypothesis evaluation is the process of measuring and comparing the actual outcomes of a hypothesis with the expected outcomes based on customer feedback and business value. Hypothesis evaluation helps DevOps teams to validate or invalidate their hypotheses, learn from their mistakes, and improve their solutions. By linking objective production data to the hypothesis being tested, DevOps teams can see how well their solutions are delivering value to customers and achieving their goals.
質問 # 22
The Release on Demand aspect enables which key business objective?
- A. Quality
- B. Time-to-market
- C. Alignment
- D. Business value
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The Release on Demand aspect enables the key business objective of delivering business value to customers.
Release on Demand is the process by which features deployed into production are released incrementally or immediately to customers based on market demand. It is the final aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline (CDP) in SAFe DevOps, which enables the delivery of value to the end user as fast as possible, based on market demand. The decision of what and when to release is a critical economic driver that requires careful consideration of the customer needs, market rhythms, and economic outcomes. Release on Demand is decoupled from the Continuous Deployment activity, which automates the migration of new functionality from a staging environment to production, where it is made available for release. Release on Demand involves four activities: release, stabilize and operate, measure, and learn. These activities help to deliver the solution to end users, ensure the solution is working well from a functional and nonfunctional perspective, quantify the value delivered by the solution, and collect feedback and prepare for the next loop through the CDP3
質問 # 23
Which practice prevents configuration drift between production and non-production environments?
- A. Self-service deployment
- B. Deployment automation
- C. Immutable infrastructure
- D. Session replay
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One practice that prevents configuration drift between production and non-production environments is immutable infrastructure. Immutable infrastructure is a management approach for infrastructure resources where changes are made by deploying new versions of resources instead of modifying existing ones. In this approach, the infrastructure is treated as an immutable asset that is built, deployed, and disposed of, rather than modified in place. For example, instead of modifying an existing virtual machine (VM), a new VM with updated configurations and software is deployed, and the old VM is disposed of. This approach eliminates the possibility of configuration drift and reduces the risk of introducing unintended changes to the infrastructure. Immutable infrastructure also simplifies the management of infrastructure resources, increases the reliability and security of the infrastructure, and facilitates rapid and consistent deployment
質問 # 24
Which skill can significantly accelerate mean-time-to-restore by enabling support teams to see issues the way actual end users did?
- A. Blue/green deployment
- B. Page analytics
- C. Session replay
- D. Incident management
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One skill that can significantly accelerate mean-time-to-restore by enabling support teams to see issues the way actual end users did is session replay. Session replay is a technique that allows the support team to replay end-user sessions to research incidents and identify problems. Session replay captures the user's interactions with the application, such as clicks, scrolls, keystrokes, and mouse movements, and reproduces them in a video-like format. Session replay can help the support team to understand the user's behavior, context, and feedback, as well as to reproduce and diagnose errors, bugs, and performance issues. Session replay can also help the support team to communicate and collaborate with the development team and the stakeholders, by providing visual evidence and data of the incidents. Session replay can significantly accelerate mean-time-to-restore by reducing the time and effort required to investigate and resolve issues, as well as by improving the quality and reliability of the application
質問 # 25
Mapping the value stream helps accomplish which two actions? (Choose two.)
- A. To add or remove user segments based on business decisions
- B. To understand how the flow of value can be improved
- C. To prioritize the Program Backlog
- D. To serve as a blueprint for development
- E. To gain insight into organizational efficiency
正解：B、E
解説：
Explanation
Mapping the value stream helps accomplish two actions: to gain insight into organizational efficiency and to understand how the flow of value can be improved. A value stream is the series of steps that an organization uses to implement solutions that provide a continuous flow of value to a customer. Mapping the value stream involves identifying the steps, people, inputs, outputs, tools, and metrics involved in delivering value from concept to cash. By mapping the value stream, the organization can gain insight into the current state of the delivery process, such as the lead time, cycle time, throughput, quality, and waste. This insight can help the organization identify bottlenecks, dependencies, handoffs, delays, and inefficiencies that affect the flow of value. Mapping the value stream also helps the organization understand how the flow of value can be improved by applying the principles and practices of DevOps, such as culture, automation, lean flow, measurement, and recovery. By improving the flow of value, the organization can increase customer satisfaction, reduce costs, accelerate time-to-market, and enhance business agility
質問 # 26
Who is responsible for ensuring quality is built into the code in SAFe?
- A. Product Owners
- B. Agile Teams
- C. Testers - xx
- D. Developers
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
Agile Teams are responsible for ensuring quality is built into the code in SAFe. SAFe is a framework for scaling agile practices across the enterprise, based on the principles of Lean, Agile, and DevOps. SAFe organizes the enterprise into Agile Release Trains (ARTs), which are teams of Agile Teams that deliver value in a regular cadence. Agile Teams are the fundamental building blocks of SAFe, and they are cross-functional, self-organizing, and self-managing teams that deliver value in short iterations. Agile Teams are responsible for ensuring quality is built into the code in SAFe, by applying the following practices:
Test-first - Test-first is a practice that involves writing tests before writing code, to ensure that the code meets the requirements and standards, and does not introduce any defects or vulnerabilities. Test-first helps to improve the design and maintainability of the code, and to accelerate the feedback and validation process. Test-first can be implemented using various techniques, such as Test-Driven Development (TDD), Behavior-Driven Development (BDD), or Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD).
Built-in quality - Built-in quality is a practice that involves applying quality standards and checks throughout the solution lifecycle, rather than inspecting quality after the fact. Built-in quality helps to prevent defects from escaping to downstream stages or customers, and to reduce the cost and risk of rework and waste. Built-in quality can be achieved using various methods, such as code quality and security analysis, code review, pair programming, refactoring, and continuous testing.
Continuous testing - Continuous testing is a practice that involves automating and executing tests at every stage of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline, to verify that the solution meets the functional and nonfunctional requirements and standards, and to detect and resolve any issues or defects as early as possible. Continuous testing helps to ensure the reliability and performance of the solution, and to support the delivery and deployment of value to the customer. Continuous testing can be performed using various tools and frameworks, such as unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing, performance testing, and security testing
質問 # 27
What is an output of the Release activity?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. A Feature deployed to production
- B. A Feature made available to internal users
- C. A Feature migrated to the cloud
- D. A Feature made available to end users
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
The output of the Release activity is a Feature made available to end users. The Release activity is the final aspect of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline (CDP) in SAFe DevOps, which enables the delivery of value to the end user as fast as possible, based on market demand. The Release activity involves the practices needed to deliver the solution to end users, all at once or incrementally. The Release activity is a business decision that requires careful consideration of the customer needs, market rhythms, and economic outcomes. The Release activity is decoupled from the Continuous Deployment activity, which automates the migration of new functionality from a staging environment to production, where it is made available for release
質問 # 28
What marks the beginning of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. A checked-in change
- B. A committed user story
- C. A committed Feature
- D. An idea
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide1, the Continuous Delivery Pipeline (CDP) represents the workflows, activities, and automation needed to guide new functionality from ideation to an on-demand release of value. The CDP consists of four aspects: Continuous Exploration (CE), Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Deployment (CD), and Release on Demand. The CDP enables organizations to deliver new functionality to users far more frequently than traditional processes. The first step in the CDP is Continuous Exploration, which focuses on creating alignment on what needs to be built. In CE, design thinking ensures the enterprise understands the market problem or customer need and the solution required to meet that need. It starts with a hypothesis of something that will provide value to customers. Therefore, an idea marks the beginning of the CDP in CE.
質問 # 29
What is one potential outcome of the Verify activity of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. Roll back a failed deployment
- B. Analyze regression testing results
- C. Capture usage metrics from a canary release
- D. Fix a broken build
正解：B
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide and handbook, one potential outcome of the Verify activity of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline is to analyze regression testing results. This means that the Verify activity involves checking the functionality and performance of the Solution after a deployment, and comparing it with the expected results. The handbook states that "Verify is the activity of checking the functionality and performance of the Solution after a deployment, and comparing it with the expected results."1 Therefore, one of the possible outcomes of this activity is to analyze how well the Solution meets the quality standards and customer requirements.
質問 # 30
Which statement describes a measurable benefit of adopting DevOps practices and principles?
Choose the correct option from below list
- A. It creates a highly functional, cross-team culture
- B. It identifies key Value Streams
- C. It results in faster lead time, and more frequent deployments
- D. It guarantees an increase in profits and decrease in downtime
正解：C
解説：
Explanation
One of the measurable benefits of adopting DevOps practices and principles is that it results in faster lead time and more frequent deployments. Lead time is the time it takes from the moment a change is requested until it is delivered to the customer. Frequent deployments are the number of times a change is deployed to production. Both of these metrics indicate the speed and efficiency of the DevOps process, as well as the ability to respond to customer needs and feedback. According to the State of DevOps Report 2020, high-performing DevOps teams have 208 times faster lead times and 106 times more frequent deployments than low-performing teams
質問 # 31
What does Value Stream Mapping help reveal in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline?
- A. DevOps practices that will improve the Value Stream
- B. Where automation is needed
- C. Who is responsible for optimizing the Value Stream
- D. Bottlenecks to the flow of value
正解：D
解説：
Explanation
According to the SAFe DevOps Practitioner 6.0 study guide and handbook, Value Stream Mapping helps reveal bottlenecks to the flow of value in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline. This means that Value Stream Mapping helps teams identify and eliminate any activities or processes that slow down or stop the delivery of value to customers. The handbook states that "Value Stream Mapping helps reveal bottlenecks to the flow of value in the Continuous Delivery Pipeline."1 Therefore, Value Stream Mapping helps teams optimize their value stream and improve their delivery performance.
質問 # 32
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