A Cisco IOS router is experiencing continuous OSPF adjacency flapping. Further investigation revealed that CPU utilization of OSPF process is very high. The problem is limited to this router. What is the most likely reason for this issue?

• A. A corrupted OSPF packet is received from a neighboring router.
• B. OSPF packets are fragmented due to MTU misconfiguration.
• C. A transport problem is causing frequent interface flapping.
• D. There is a routing loop in the network that involves this router.
• E. A DoS attack targeted at the OSPF process is in progress.

Refer to the exhibit.

Refer to the topology diagram for a service provider that is offering L3VPN services. PE1, PE2, PE3, and PE4 are provider edge routers that are connected to the core P routers. They are learning VPNv4 prefixes from different sites. The MPLS core is LDP-enabled and is running OSPF as an IGP. One of the P routers that is connected to PE1 and PE2 has an LDP defect in which the LDP session periodically resets and then manages to recover on its own. While the LDP session resets, an outage is observed on L3VPN traffic that needs LDP to maintain a label-switched path.
While a software fix has been identified and is in the works, which MPLS or IGP feature will avoid this problem?

• A. LDP NSR
• B. LDP auto discovery
• C. LDP IGP sync
• D. LDP session protection
• E. LDP GR

According to ITIL@ v3 framework, service providers need to deliver the agreed upon capabilities to their customers. This is the definition of which configuration management principle?

• A. service level agreement (SLA)
• B. operational level agreement (OLA)
• C. service level requirements (SLR)
• D. service improvement plan (SIP)

According to ITIL@ v3 framework, which type of service operational management process involves root-cause analysis to identify and resolve the cause of events and incidents that impact the managed network environment?

• A. problem
• B. incident
• C. event
• D. configuration

A L3VPN customer is connected to one of your PE routers by using OSPF as CE-PE protocol and was successfully exchanging VPN routes. It came to your attention that OSPF adjacency became stuck in "EXCHANGE" state recently. What is the most likely cause for this issue?

• A. The CE-PE link is severely degraded after the first bring up.
• B. The CE-PE link is congested with traffic.
• C. A corrupted OSPF LSA was originated by the CE.
• D. The OSPF cost metric is changed on the CE after the first bring up.
• E. The MTU setting is changed on the CE after the first bring up.